WOMEN'S STRATEGIC STUDIES (KETABE ZANAN)
Year:2013 | Volume:15 | Issue:58|Papers Count:7

one of the objects and achievements of the theorization in the context of family social studies has always been pattern-making from this fundamental institution of society. Such theorizations are usually arisen from a particular discourse. Hence, there is an epistemological mutuality between a family pattern, as the theory’s consequence, and a particular discourse. In conjunction with reviewing and classifying the existing literature through the application of the discourse analysis method, this paper tries to represent civil-modern and Iranian-Islamic family patterns, which are two dominant spectrums of theorization for social studies of family. Overall, it seems that, despite of having some positive features in the civil-modern pattern, the Iranian-Islamic pattern has more potential advantages.

Divorce as one of the social harms, has adverse influences on family inherence and social insecurity. Existing scientific evidence reveals an increase trend in the two social phenomena’s of divorce and premarital heterosexual relationships among young people. This paper is based on a mix method study conducted in 2011 and aims to assess the association between premarital heterosexual relationships and divorce. In the first phase of the study, 2031 female and male college students aged 18-40 years were selected using stratified cluster sampling from among 7 universities in Tehran (private and government). In this paper, 265 married students (12%) were compared with the data of 92 university educated men and women aged 18-40 who were about to separation (divorce) and attended to the two Family Courts in Tehran. Participants in Phase 2 were selected using simple sampling method. Data of married students (n=265) from the first phase were merged with the data of men and women who were about to divorce (n=92) at the analysis stage. Because, common questions were answered by respondents in phase 1 and 2, common data were merged and were analyzed. Results showed premarital heterosexual relationships among university educated men and women who intended to divorce was significantly greater than among married college students. Logistic regression showed that crude probability of divorce was 3.18 times greater among those who had experienced premarital intimate and sexual relationships with their current spouse compared to those without such relationships. The probability of divorce among those who reported intimate and sexual relationships with non-spouse, 3.63 times was greater than those without such relations. After control of factors related to divorce (e.g., compatibility with spouse, family confirmation of the spouse, divorce in the first degree family members), the probability of divorce was significantly associated with intimate and sexual relations with spouse and non-spouse before marriage (OR=5.03, P<0.01, and OR=4.27, P<0.01, respectively).

This paper examines the relationship between the value of children and fertility rate among Tehran’s women. The numbers of sample is about 600 married women, in the range from 21 to 50 years and are settled in the Tehran city. In this study, housewife women include 57.2 percent of research, 30.3 percent is employee women who work in the education and 12.5 percent work in the health ministry. The results indicate that 35 percent of them have one child, 35 percent have two children and 15 percent have three children. Pertaining to having desired children, 25 percent of them prefer to have one child, approximately 66 percent prefer to have two children and about 9 percent prefer to have more than two children. According to conducted analysis, there is no difference between women’s employment different groups (those who work in education and health ministry) and also non-employee women concerning children value. The variable of education level in both housewife and employee women is in direct proportion to the components of child’s economic interests and lost opportunities and restrictions.

Over the past few decades, major demographic changes have taken place in Iran and fertility has fallen unprecedentedly, so that today the fertility rate in many parts of the country is less than the necessary level for replacement of generations. Undoubtedly, any planning and plan of action to prevent further decline of fertility among families, needs to study of women’s childbearing desires and it’s determinants in different areas in Iran. The aim of this paper is to study of childbearing desires of Kurdish women in the city of Mahabad. Data collected by the survey conducted among 700 households in April 2012 in the city of Mahabad. The results indicate that the 61.4 percent of women are wants to stop childbearing. Study of women’s childbearing desires according to their children surviving shows that 39.3 percent of women without a child or with one child, 77.7 percent with two or three children, and 86 percent who have more than three children may not want to have another child. Bivariate analysis showed that there are significant differences in childbearing intentions among women by different socioeconomic, demographic and cultural characteristics. Results of multivariate analysis indicate the fact that the cultural characteristics alone may not be crucial in predicting the probability of not wanting to childbearing. In fact, a combination of socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics gives a better explanation of women childbearing desires. Based on these findings, it should be said that in adopting the new population policy, pronatalist policies should be focused mainly on married women without any children or have one child.

Present paper compares the consumption of leisure between working wives and housewives in Sari city in Mazandaran province by problematizing effect of women employment on their leisure framework and by using adjusted form of Arlie Hochschild’ leisure gap theory. The method of research is survey with causal - comparative approach. The statistical population of research is two groups of working wives and housewives (unemployed) and sample size is equal to 300 persons (150 persons from each group) who were selected by cluster, simple random and systematic sampling methods. Results showed the significant difference of leisure consumption between two working wives and housewives groups in according to three variables including level, how and satisfaction. Results imply the dual nature of Henderson’s theory that conceives “one size doesn’t fit all”. In that, although there is different model about leisure consumption within women stratification and the major difference of this model between working wives and housewives is mainly in intense and quality than surface and quantity, but main site for consuming leisure between working wives and housewives is home.

Iranian society will confront to ageing especially women ageing, there fore Iranian social policy makers should pay attention to the problems of ageing especially life satisfaction for them. The aim of present research is the study of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction also the dimensions of religiosity of women ageing in Yazd. The method was quantative and survey and the sample were 265 elderly women. The result showed the amount of religiosity was high but the amount of life satisfaction was average and the dimensions of consequential, ideological, emotional and ritualistic have formed religiosity. The relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction was positive and meaningful the dimensions of experimental emotinal and ritualistic had relationship but the dimentions of consequential and ideological had not meaningful relationship with religiosity.