WOMEN'S STRATEGIC STUDIES (KETABE ZANAN)
Year:2015 | Volume:18 | Issue:69|Papers Count:7

This paper review the factors related to patterns of cultural consumption among 532 Women while consideration of structure of women’ taste in Qom province, by Katz-Gerro & Sullivan’ voraciousness approach. Results showed that in terms of components of consumption pattern (in that, diversity and frequency), women in Qom province can be categorized in two group. In terms of diversity of cultural activity, women of this province are univorous and participate in low-brow culture in that in 1 to 3 cultural activities. In terms of diversity of cultural frequency, women of this province are ostravorous and frequency of their cultural activity is zero. In addition, the most important determinants of both diversity and frequency of women’ cultural activity in this province were economic capital, human capital, age, marital situation and employment situation. Results implied that most women in Qom province didn’t arrived to degree of middle-brow consumer (popular) and higher stage, voracious consumer, and pattern of their cultural consumption is limited to ostravorous and univorous, in that low-brow culture.

Individualization means that in the course of social institutions' decline, people reproduce their life-world. The current research with emphasis on the family, studies the demographic changes in Iran. The changes such as rising of divorce rate and rapid decline of fertility rate show that Iranian families have been changed. In this research, the changes have been conceptualized and investigated by using the family individualization indicators. Paying attention to the importance and place of family in Iran the purpose of the study is, answering to this question , is it possible to speak about the individualization of family in Iran or not? For this purpose, family demographic changes trend was studied with emphasis on divorce, marriage and fertility indicators from 1957 to 2014 based on the trend analysis; the current study was conducted based on the data and information from Iran National Statistical Centre and also based on a set of valid national reports both in national and provincial levels where the relationship between the demographic indicators of family individualization with a set of social development indicators were statistically compared. The research findings show that demographic changes of families in Iran have a clear trend in the course of individualization; these changes were observed in all the 31 provinces of country, but the size and intensity of changes were due to the social and economic developments level rather than the cultural and geographical differences.

Nowadays, security has been among the basic needs of human gatherings and in urban planning the issue of women's security in urban places is considerably taken into consideration. The present study aimed at investigating women's security feeling and its related factors at Elgoli Park by interviewing 277 women older than 15 years old. The results revealed that the factors of atmosphere form, misleading environmental information, lighting, environmental pollution, access degree to public transportation services, quality of activities, use of the land around the park, and social factors of users such as age, occupation, and education are correlated with the security feeling of the women. Furthermore, the factor of lighting had the highest impact and the factors of activities and use of land had the lowest impact on the women's security feeling. Additionally, there was a significant relationship with 99 percent confidence correlation between the security feeling of women and factors of atmosphere form, misleading environmental information, lighting, environmental pollution, access to public transportation services, quality of activities, and the use of land around the park. Changing the plan of residential, commercial, and public places and creating environments to prevent crimes require management, planning, and manipulating the environment to reach a smart system. This, in turn, requires urban managers and planners to try to create suitable places that make it possible for all social groups to attend and consequently to create a safe city.

Social, cultural and political changes occured in the world like population changes, femenism movements, consumption growth and moving to modernity has made body as an important topic in social studies. This study wants to unfold the girl experiences and simulus, before and after the action of body management. The intent of body management in this study is beauty surgery, slimming and uncommon toilets. In this study the researcher has used exchange theory, Giddens theories and Veblen theory in theoric sensitivity. The outcomes of this study that achieved by qualititive method and deep interview with 21girls between the ages of 18_29 in Rezvanshahr, shows that today because of the importence of beauty as a major factor for the judgement of girl in social domains and marriage chances, and girls know beauty for achieving their wishes and self-confidence, so this decision for them is the most suitable and conscious. Before body management they were unsatisfied and rejected by others. Girls stressed that after body management increased their self-confidence and they were more successful in social afairs because of their beauty.

The purpose of this research was studying the relationship between family emotional environment and religious orientation with interpersonal trust in female students of Birjand city in academic year of 2014-2015. The research was descriptive correlation one. Statistical population included all high school students of Birjand city in academic year of 2014-2015, which based on Morgan Table and random cluster method, 355 samples were chosen and studied. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and step by step Regression. The results showed that family’s emotional environment can predict the students’ interpersonal trust (p>0.05); and father’s emotional environment can predict interpersonal trust and reliability and loyalty from interpersonal trust subscales in level of 0.01; also there was significant relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and predictability of interpersonal trust subscales in level of 0.05. According to results of the research and family’s emotional environment relationship and father’s emotional environment with interpersonal trust and its subscales, and also the relationship between extrinsic religious orientation with predictability of the subscales of interpersonal trust, holding up workshops and training courses by officials and school counselors for families In order to improve interpersonal trust of female students is necessary.

This paper attempts, to examine the key economic theories on the subject of fertility since Adam Smith until modern times, and also tries to present a proper division of the theories. Based on the findings of this study, classification the theories into micro and macro is the best classification, although, micro theories have more theoretical strength. However, micro theories are not totality of integrated and there are vast differences between them. On the other hand, there are commonly important criticism to the economic theory including economic theories of fertility, ignoring role of institutions. Actually, various studies of the institutionalists and cognitive scientists, show that assuming perfect rationality, that is the cornerstone of the economic approach, is not true; therefore, in analyzing the behavior of people, factors such as culture, ideology, common, etc. that institutionalists bring them under the institution definition, should be noted. It should also be considered in the analysis of fertility. Various studies have shown that institutions have important role in fertility, while that in economic analyzes this issue is neglected.