VILLAGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2005 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Tiss is a valley-side, mountainous and forested village adjacent to the Chahbahar county, and populated by about six hundred households. It used to be a famous port long before having gradually been vanished.The name "Tiss" is mentioned in most traditional literature of historical geography at the same longitude and latitude. Some of these sources, include: Kharazmi (812 AD), suratol-arz; Sohrab (914 AD), ajāyebol-aqālim; Istakhri (920 AD), masālekol-mamālek; Yaqut Hemawi (1191 AD), mo'jamol-boldān; and Abulfeda (1391 AD), taqwimol-boldan. Innumerable ancient monuments, including thousands of cemeteries carved in stones around the Tiss village bear the abundant evidence of the village being magnificent and ancient. Moreover, the name "Tiss" is cited, spelling "Tizz", in the reports of the historians accompanied Alexander the Great, suggesting that the Tiss village has more than 2300 years of formal history.In this article, various geographical, historical, natural and demographic features of the Tiss village as well as its ancient monuments are discussed. To compose the article, the researcher travelled to the Chahbahar county and the Tiss village, during four trips in each season of the year, staying there for a total period of 16 days and nights, having observed various features of the village. He has also sought the name of the village in different documents such as the abovementioned sources; and specifically, the researcher has applied a headcount method as well as household questionnaire to determine certain demographic features.

This paper has compared and studied technical efficiencies of two farmer groups in the Sistan and Baluchestan province, one of which had borrowed some loan and the other had not, using data from 180 farmer-operators during the farming year of 2002-3 and applying the function of borderline production. As shown in the results, the borrowing group proved to have had a higher efficiency and used efficiently its accessible resources. Finally, considering the study results, a number of recommendations has been presented.

This paper reviews village and rural development from a theoretical and methodological point of view. Given the nature of the concerned subject, the central assumption in the present research is that a systemic approach would be the most suitable means of producing a clear understanding over the village phenomenon and consequently inducing somehow a favorable change in the village. Without neglecting either some parts of the rural community or some relations among various parts within the cycle of the system, such an approach might provide a more precise understanding of rural community by its nature of the different aspects and illustrate the intrasystemic relations (among various parts of the rural community) c and intersystemic ones (between the village and the higher macro levels of social, economic, cultural, and spatial systems). The concept of system, its features, and its concerned governing principles are studied through this orientation, and the village is focused in both the subsystem level-as a part of the mentioned systems- and the physical space level (ie, of the village in itself).

This research aimed at studying the Jarquyeh Arabian nomadic households' attitudes towards migration and settlement and recognizing their economic, social and biological problems. Currently, nomads of the country might be categorized into two groups in terms of the type of their attitudes towards the nomadic living: a group who is willing to continue migrating, and the other group who is interested in being senled. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on two issues in the planning for nomads: one is to provide for the required facilities to improve the standards of nomadic living, and the other is to set the scene for a planned settlement of those interested in being settled.Target population of the research includes the Jarquyeh Arabian nomad households covered by the services of the Isfahan Namadic Affairs Organization. Information’s are collected through a questionnaire method. Statistical operations are conducted at both descriptive and inferential levels. At the descriptive level, data are compared and analyzed using the percentage and mean figures; and the inferential level, the Chi-Squared test and the Chuprov consistency coefficient are used. According to the results, the migration of nomadic households might be largely caused, in terms of frequency, by lack of expertise, livelihood and using ranges, while it is not mainly happened by their consent or interest; and the tendency to settlement may be largely induced, in terms of frequency, by hardship of migration, avoiding any struggle with others for using pastures, and benefitting from facilities though slightly. The most important problems faced by the nomadic households in terms of frequency respectively include: scarce animal drugs, lack of grazing license, problems concerned with moving animals through and using pastures, lack of access to physicians, expensive and scarce forage and barley, and inappropriate site for keeping animals.

Organizations have influenced various aspects of life to the extent that it is inevitable to perceive them either as a scientific subject or as a part of social life. Organizations' domination of all aspects of the social life proves their significance. The organizations adopting a particular style of management without trying to proceed properly upon changes in environment will not succeed; such organizations should avoid prejudice and choose those management styles both culturally apt to the environment and capable of managing increasing changes. This paper will provide the managers of extension organizations with the opportunity to make their organizations well-prepared to encounter the changes drawing on a further more knowledge.