Optimisation of Trapped Vortex Cavity for Airfoil Separation Control

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Panigrahi C.; Chawla R.; Nair M.T.

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS (JAFM) Year:2022 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 Page(s): 179-191

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Optimisation of Trapped Vortex Cavity for Airfoil Separation Control

Author(s)

Panigrahi C. | Chawla R. | Nair M.T. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Airfoil

Vortex

Cavity

Flow separation

Multi-objective optimisation

Genetic algorithm

Mass suction

Turbulence

Abstract

The effects of a Trapped Vortex Cavity (TVC) on the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 0024 Airfoil at a constant angle of attack (AoA) of 14◦ were investigated in this study. It was observed that Mass suction (MFR) was required to stabilise the Vortex within the Cavity segment. Lift to drag ratio (L/D) and MFR were chosen as performance objectives, along with a fully attached flow constraint (Flow separation at X/c ≥ 95% ). Parametric analysis was carried on the baseline Airfoil with and without suction and compared to the Airfoil with TVC with and without suction. It was observed that L/D increases as MFR increases for a baseline Airfoil, and Flow separation is delayed at high suction values (MFR = 0. 2 kg/s). The TVC modifies the pressure distribution on the baseline Airfoil when MFR is applied to the Cavity section and there is a significant increase in lift, thus, L/D increases and Flow separation is delayed. A lower value of MFR = 0. 08 kg/s is sufficient to stabilise the Vortex and improve the efficiency of the TVC Airfoil. The findings of these parametric studies were used to do a Multi-objective optimisation using a Genetic algorithm to attain the desired Cavity shape while achieving the largest L/D and the lowest MFR (that is proportional to the power required for control) with a fully attached flow constraint. It was found that Mass suction and Cavity shape both had an equal influence on flow control. The Pareto optimal front yielded a series of optimum designs. One of them was subjected to an off-design analysis in order to validate its performance at other incidences. It was observed that it performs better than the baseline Airfoil, with an improved L/D and an increase in stall angle from 10◦ to 14◦.

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