Induction of genetic diversity for salinity tolerance in local varieties of rice using gamma irradiation

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Fallah A.; Bagheri L.; Nabipour A.R.; Moghiseh E.; Mahdavi Mashaki K.

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Journal: Journal of Nuclear Science, Engineering and Technology Year:2025 | Volume:46 | Issue:1 Page(s): 106-117

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Title

Induction of genetic diversity for salinity tolerance in local varieties of rice using gamma irradiation

Author(s)

Keywords

Amylose

Mutation

Salinity

Rice mutant yield

Abstract

Mutation breeding has proven to be efficient for developing new cultivars adapted to normal and stress conditions, including Salinity. Mutant populations developed through gamma irradiation of Tarom Mahalli, Hassani, and Anbarboo local rice varieties were evaluated and screened for agronomic traits for 10 years in saline paddy fields of Mazandaran. These traits included plant height, early maturity, yield, yield components, and relative tolerance to Salinity stress. The Salinity levels of both soil and irrigation water varied between 4-11 and 2-9 dS/m, respectively, in different years and locations. The tolerance indices of the mutants were either 3 or 5, with 13 mutants showing lower stress sensitivity indices than their respective parents. Most mutants reached 50% flowering in fewer days than their parents, with selected mutants (2310, 2212, and 133) flowering between 80 and 90 days after sowing. The average plant height of selected mutants (M5-M7) in the saline paddy fields of Mazandaran ranged between 110-130 cm. All selected mutants produced a higher number of panicles per hill compared to Tarom Mahalli. The average yield of rice mutants varied between 3000 and 4500 kg/ha in different locations and years, with mutants 2212 and 2310 showing the highest yields in Bahnamir and Fereydoonkenar. These mutants exhibited at least a 35% increase in yield compared to Tarom Mahalli. The Amylose percentage of the mutants ranged between 18-23%. Based on these results, mutants 2212, 2310, and 133 were selected for cultivation in paddy fields with saline or brackish water.

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