Graft Polymerization of Styrene onto Ground Tire Rubber

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Alirezazadeh Mina; Khoubi Arani Zahra; Alizadehaghdam Mina

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Year:2025 | Volume:38 | Issue:1 Page(s): 43-53

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Graft Polymerization of Styrene onto Ground Tire Rubber

Author(s)

Alirezazadeh Mina | Khoubi Arani Zahra | Alizadehaghdam Mina | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Recycling

Waste rubber

Graft polymerization

Polystyrene

Compatibility

Abstract

Hypothesis: The primary method for recycling waste tires is grinding them into fine particles and then mixing them with various matrices to improve their properties. For example, ground tire rubber (GTR) can be used to enhance the impact resistance of brittle polymers such as polystyrene (PS). However, weak interactions between the two components may lead to a decline in mechanical properties. Polymer grafting onto GTR is a successful method for rubber modification. The unique advantage is the graft polymer can be selected based on the matrix polymer. Namely, polystyrene grafted onto the surface of GTR, PS-g-GTR, can be used as a compatibilizer for the PS/GTR blend. Methods: In this study, styrene monomer was in-situ polymerized in the presence of GTR to synthesize PS-g-GTR in bulk and solution environments. The variation in monomer conversion and grafting efficiency was investigated by increasing the temperature in bulk polymerization and increasing the initiator concentration in solution polymerization. Findings: The highest grafting efficiency (57%) and grafting degree (247%) were achieved in solution polymerization at 90 °C, with a molar ratio of initiator to monomer equal to 1% and a weight percentage of GTR to monomer equal to 13. A comparison of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra for GTR and PS-g-GTR clearly showed the appearance of peaks corresponding to benzene rings after grafting. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the synthesized PS-g-GTR contained 56% polystyrene by weight. By calculating the cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) length scale at the glass transition temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the molecular weight of the grafted chains was estimated to be greater than 104 g mol-1. This graft polymer appears to significantly improve the impact resistance of PS by enhancing compatibility between polystyrene and GTR.

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