Effect of Microstructural Features and Al2O3 Doping on Aging Resistance, Mechanical Properties and Crack Propagation in 3Y-TZP Plate Ceramics for Dental Restorations: A Comprehensive Peridynamics Study

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Moradkhani Alireza; Hoseinpour Gollo Mohammad; Panahizadeh Valiollah

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: MECHANICS OF ADVANCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES Year:2025 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 Page(s): 523-554

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Title

Effect of Microstructural Features and Al2O3 Doping on Aging Resistance, Mechanical Properties and Crack Propagation in 3Y-TZP Plate Ceramics for Dental Restorations: A Comprehensive Peridynamics Study

Author(s)

Moradkhani Alireza | Hoseinpour Gollo Mohammad | Panahizadeh Valiollah | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Dental ceramics

Peridynamics

Brittle fracture

Mechanical properties

Low-temperature degradation (LTD)

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of microstructural features, nanoporosity, and micro-cracks on macro-crack propagation in 3Y-TZP plate ceramics doped with Al2O3 (0 to 0.5 wt%) for dental restoration applications, utilizing peridynamics (PD) theory for the first time. The research employs ordinary state-based PD to offer new insights into these interactions. Materials are synthesized through high-energy ball milling of ZrO2 powders at 1500 °C for 2 h. Mechanical properties, including density, average porosity diameter, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and fracture toughness (KIC), are rigorously assessed. Results indicate that increasing Al2O3 content to 0.5 wt% enhances relative density, hardness, Young's modulus, KIC, and flexural strength to 99.5%, 15.1 GPa, 280 GPa, 9.97 MPa·m1/2, and 355 MPa, respectively, while low-temperature degradation over 800 h shows that Al2O3 doping significantly reduces aging kinetics. PD simulations demonstrate that micro-cracks substantially affect crack propagation, revealing a 15% reduction in macro-crack speeds compared to FEM results. This research enhances the understanding of dental ceramics and establishes a foundation for analyzing fractures in dental restoration ceramics using PD.

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