Sustainable Multi-Objective Optimization for Empty Container Balancing in Maritime Hub-and-Feeder Network

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Ziar Elham; Amiri Babak; Sahebi Hadi

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Journal of Industrial Innovations Year:2024 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 Page(s): 320-337

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Sustainable Multi-Objective Optimization for Empty Container Balancing in Maritime Hub-and-Feeder Network

Author(s)

Ziar Elham | Amiri Babak | Sahebi Hadi | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

توازن کانتینرهای خالی

پایداری

لجستیک دریایی

Abstract

The maritime transport industry, often referred to as the backbone of global trade, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the movement of goods across international markets. Despite its importance, the industry is plagued by several persistent challenges that hinder its operational efficiency and sustainability. Among the most critical are the imbalance of empty containers, environmental degradation due to emissions and fuel consumption, and inefficiencies in port operations. These issues collectively pose serious implications for cost management, environmental impact, and service reliability. In an effort to address these concerns, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective mathematical model that seeks to optimize three primary goals in an integrated manner: maximizing economic profitability, minimizing the imbalance of empty containers, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The model is designed to reflect real-world shipping dynamics, incorporating the interactions between liner and feeder ships, multiple sea routes, and various types of ports, including hub, feeder, and satellite ports. To demonstrate the practical applicability and robustness of the model, a case study is conducted on a representative shipping network involving selected ports in the Middle East and East Asia. The model is implemented using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and its outputs are analyzed across three distinct time periods. Results indicate a significant reduction in the number of empty containers, along with concurrent improvements in both cost-effectiveness and environmental performance indicators. Additionally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis underscores the pivotal role of ship capacity in influencing system outcomes. However, it also reveals that improvements in a single dimension are insufficient for holistic system optimization. Effective and sustainable management of maritime transport requires a multidimensional strategy that balances economic, environmental, and operational factors. The proposed model offers valuable insights for decision-makers aiming to improve the resilience and sustainability of global shipping networks.

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