Seismic Fragility Analysis for Typical Non-Integral Concrete Bridges in Seismic Zones of Iran

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Salehi Iman; Vasseghi Akbar

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Year:2026 | Volume:12 | Issue:12 Page(s): 223-246

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Seismic Fragility Analysis for Typical Non-Integral Concrete Bridges in Seismic Zones of Iran

Author(s)

Salehi Iman | Vasseghi Akbar | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Seismic Fragility

Non-integral Bridge

Iran

Incremental Dynamic Analysis

Nonlinear static analysis

abutment

shear key

seismic failure risk

Abstract

Determining the seismic failure risk of highway bridges is an effective tool for systematic urban management decision-making to mitigate seismic hazards, which relies on the development of fragility curves. This paper presents the fragility analysis of six categories of conventional non-integral concrete bridges in Iran (exclusively in the transverse direction). The bridges are classified based on three design eras, with either continuous or discontinuous decks. The analysis was performed using three-dimensional simulations via two methods: incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and nonlinear static analysis (NLA). In the IDA, the median fragility value is accurately determined through interpolation of responses, and the fragility curves of the system and components are separated in a straightforward manner. Based on the results of the dynamic analysis, the accuracy of the static analysis is deemed acceptable. Key parameters affecting transverse behavior include bending hinges at the middle pier, joint connections between columns and capitals, and lateral displacements of foundation piles at seat abutments. The limits of damage for these parameters have been identified at four performance levels The plastic rotation capacity of column hinges was derived using more precise strain limits of steel and concrete, influenced by axial force and the lap splice of longitudinal reinforcement. Additionally, a trilinear force-displacement behavior curve for the transverse displacement of the abutment foundation was extracted in a separate model. . Notably, shear keys are non-sacrificial. In the three categories with discontinuous decks, the abutment foundation piles do not exceed elastic limits but are more fragile compared to those with continuous decks. The seismic risk at the complete failure performance level is lowest for the continuous deck category designed per Publication 463 and highest for the discontinuous deck category designed per Publication 235. Assuming a spectral acceleration at 0. 01 seconds equal to 0. 423g, these risks are 73% and 19%, respectively.

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