Triple-Layer Photovoltaic Module with Radiative Cooling and Photocatalytic Air Purification

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Sudhakar Reddy N.; Balamanikandan A.; Reddy Sharana; Roshini R.; Sita Hareesh; Jayanthi R.

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH Year:2025 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 Page(s): 2450-2464

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Title

Triple-Layer Photovoltaic Module with Radiative Cooling and Photocatalytic Air Purification

Author(s)

Keywords

Triple-functional solar module

Photocatalytic air purification

Radiative cooling

Perovskite–silicon tandem PV

Smart environmental control

Abstract

We present a vertically stacked triple-layer rooftop module that integrates a SiO₂–TiO₂ radiative-cooling film, a TiO₂–ZnO photocatalytic coating, and a perovskite–silicon tandem photovoltaic device. Outdoor field experiments (n = 4 prototype and n = 4 control modules; rooftop tests in Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh, India) showed a mean surface temperature reduction of 6.5 ± 0.8 °C and a 2.1% relative increase in PV power output under AM1.5G-equivalent conditions. Simultaneously, the photocatalytic layer achieved 72.4% removal efficiency for volatile air pollutants over a 6-hour test window. Real-time monitoring used an ESP32 microcontroller, K-type thermocouples, calibrated gas sensors, and MQTT-based telemetry to a Grafana dashboard. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (p < 0.01) in both cooling and pollutant removal compared with controls. The proposed architecture offers a reproducible and scalable pathway to multifunctional PV modules that enhance energy yield, reduce thermal stress, and actively contribute to urban air quality improvement addressing both environmental and energy challenges in a single integrated solution.

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