REFRACTORIES FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION

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HEADRICK W.L.; REZAEI ALI REZA; FAHRENHOLTZ W.G.

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering Year:2008 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 Page(s): 41-51

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Title

REFRACTORIES FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION

Author(s)

HEADRICK W.L. | REZAEI ALI REZA | FAHRENHOLTZ W.G.

Keywords

BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION

ALUMINOSILICATE

OXIDE AND NON-OXIDE REFRACTORIES

Abstract

Improved alkali resistant refractoriness are needed for biomass and BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION (BBLG). One particularly harsh application is linings for gasifiers used in the treatment of black liquor (BL). Black liquor is a water solution of the non-cellulose portion of the wood (mainly lignin) and the spent pulping chemicals (Na2CO3, K2C O3, and Na2S). Development of new refractory materials for the BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION (BLG) application is a critical issue for implementation of this technology. FactSage@ thermodynamic software was used to analyze the phases present in BL smelt and to predict the interaction of BL smelt with different refractory compounds. The modeling included prediction of the phases formed under the operating conditions of high temperature BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION (BLG) process. At the operating temperature of the BLG, Fact Sage@predicted that the water would evaporate from the BL and that the organic portion of BL would combust, leaving black liquor smelt composed of sodium carbonate (70-75%), potassium carbonate (2-5%), and sodium sulfide (20-25%). Exposure of ALUMINOSILICATEs to this smelt leads to significant corrosion due to formation of expansive phases with subsequent cracking and spalling. Oxides (ZrO2, Ce O2, La2O2, Y2 O2, Li2O, MgO and CaO) were determined to be resistant to black liquor smelt but non-oxides (SiC and Si3N4) would oxidize and dissolve in the smelt. The other candidates such as MgAl2 O2 and BaAl2 O4 were resistant to sodium carbonate but not to potassium carbonate. LiAlO2 was stable with both sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Candidate materials selected on the basis of the thermodynamic calculations are being tested by sessile drop test for corrosion resistance to molten black liquor smelt. Sessile drop testing has confirmed the thermodynamic predictions for Al2O3, CeO2, MgO and CaO. Sessile drop testing showed that the thermodynamic predictions were incorrect for Zr O2.

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APA: Copy

HEADRICK, W.L., REZAEI, ALI REZA, & FAHRENHOLTZ, W.G.. (2008). REFRACTORIES FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 5(2), 41-51. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/276684/en

Vancouver: Copy

HEADRICK W.L., REZAEI ALI REZA, FAHRENHOLTZ W.G.. REFRACTORIES FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING[Internet]. 2008;5(2):41-51. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/276684/en

IEEE: Copy

W.L. HEADRICK, ALI REZA REZAEI, and W.G. FAHRENHOLTZ, “REFRACTORIES FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 41–51, 2008, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/276684/en

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