STUDY THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANT SOIL, WATER AND PLANT IN YAZD PROVINCE

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RAHMANI HAMID REZA

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Journal: Journal of Environmental Studies Year:2009 | Volume:35 | Issue:51 Page(s): 27-36

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Title

STUDY THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANT SOIL, WATER AND PLANT IN YAZD PROVINCE

Author(s)

RAHMANI HAMID REZA | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

PERMIT LIMITQ3

HEAVY METALQ2

POLLUTIONQ2

CRITICAL RANGEQ3

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTQ3

Abstract

Yazd province is one of arid regions of Iran with limitation of water resources. Utilization of industrial wastewater on agriculture lands can somehow compensate the lack of water. This study first evaluated the data and results of previous research carried out and a new producer of textile waste were determined. The important textile producers Afshar, Selkbaf and Yazdbaf were selected and the effluent quality and its effect on soil, plant and underground water was studied for a period of two years. Results showed that discharge of industrial wastewater to the surface water pH, TDS, TSS, sulfate, chloride, zinc and cadmium, for discharge of effluent to the absorbent wells TDS, sulfate, chloride, zinc and cadmium and for irrigation agricultural lands of the effluent pH, salinity, TDS, TSS, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, copper, zinc and cadmium effluent was limiting. The result showed that the concentration of HEAVY METALs in well waters was less than the PERMIT LIMIT and no limitation was existed.But there were limitation value for the characteristics of pH, salinity, TDS, sulfate, chloride and bicarbonate. Moreover, the HEAVY METAL concentrations of soils were studied. The amounts of zinc and cadmium concentrations in soil samples were in CRITICAL RANGE and the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of soils were significantly high. Also, the results showed that the plants were infected by HEAVY METALs, zinc and copper. In all studied areas HEAVY METALs in soil were higher than the limitation to be controlled. The concentration of some HEAVY METALs in soil and plant were beyond the PERMIT LIMIT.Introduction: The topic that recently received attention of researchers and scholars of environmental issues is the measurement of HEAVY METALs in industrial wastewater and its effect on fann receiver and cultivated plants in that region. Water consumption by industries in many countries has had significant growth. For example, in China, water consumption by industry in 1995 is equal to 52 billion tons and by 2030 it is predicted that this amount reach to 269 billion tons. On the other hand, each year more than 400 small and medium industrial cities in China produce more than 10 billion tons of wastewater. In Pakistan the effluent irrigation is used for 32, 500 hectares of land.In India 25 percent and in South Africa 24 percent of wastewater produced used in agricultural lands forirrigation. The accumulation of HEAVY METALs (especially cadmium and lead) in soil is one of important environmental concerns. Cadmium is very toxic for plants and animals. The highest concentration of cadmium in a study in brown rice grown on contaminated soils was measured 5.9 mg/kg which is critical in value World Health Organization and many countries for food security and health, create standards and guidelines for the use of wastewater that provide the chance to be adjusted with the regional conditions.Materials and Methods: In this research the quality of EW of Yazdbaf, Afshar and Selkbaf and its impact on soil, plants and water resources (well-water) was studied for two years. The EW was sampled; seasonally every 6 hours during 24 hours periods and, well-water from an area irrigated with EW were sampled seasonally. During a two-year study, in area using irrigated with industrial EW two zone were selected, one irrigated with industrial EW from Yazdbaf and one irrigated With EW from Selkbaf.In each zone, 3 farms of approximately 0.5 ha were selected. In each farm, composite soil sample from three fields from 0-30 cm, were collected in three replicates. In fields irrigated with Yazdbaf industrial EW water the soil, plant (Cynodon dactylon), and check filed were sampled. In fields irrigated with Selkbaf industrial EW, Haloxylon aphyllum Root and shoot were sampled and in fields irrigated with Afshar industrial EW, Triticum aestivum Root and shoot were sampled.The EW and well-water were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TSS, N-NO3, cations, anions, BOD, COD, and the concentration of HEAVY METALs including Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Cr. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, texture, organic matter, cations, anions and concentration of HEAVY METALs including Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr and, Pb. The plants samples were analyzed for percent dray matter content and the same HEAVY METALs as soil samples. The results were compared with permissible concentration levels....Results: The comparison of the results with permissible level shows that pH, TDS, TSS, sulfate, chloride, and HEAVY METAL concentration of Zn and Cd, were limited for discharge into surface water and, disposal into absorption wells TDS, sulfate, chloride, and HEAVY METAL concentration of Cd and Zn and for utilization as the irrigation water pH, salinity, TDS, TSS, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, and HEAVY METAL concentration of Cu, Zn and Cd are limited.The limiting chemicals properties in well-water for discharge into surface water, disposal into absorption wells and utilization as irrigation water are pH, salinity, TDS, sulfate, chloride and bicarbonate. Concentration of HEAVY METAL in soil samples is higher than control. In addition, the concentration of Cd and Zn HEAVY METALs exceed normal concentration level and are in the CRITICAL RANGE and the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of soils were significantly high and are higher than control.Similar results have been reported by numerous researches. The results show the accumulation of HEAVY METALs in soil due to long term application of EW. Comparison of the result with the permissible level show that the concentration of HEAVY METALs Zn and Cu in all of the plants are exceed the permissible level and are in CRITICAL RANGE. The Cu concentration in root is higher than the shoot in Cynodon dactylon and Triticum aestivum plants but in Haloxylon aphyllum plant is eversible. The Zn concentration in shoot is higher than the root in Cynodon dactylon and Haloxylon aphyllum plants but in Triticum aestivum plant it is reverse. Plants uptake of HEAVY METALs has increased by long-term utilization of industrial EW in agricultural land. Presently the quality of EW plays an important role in contamination of soil, plant, and water resources. The long-term application of EW may lead to serious contamination and accumulation of HEAVY METALs exceeding the permissible ranges. Conclusion: 1-The contamination of HEAVY METALs in soil can be referred to the HEAVY METAL concentrations in the effluent.2-The result of this research showed that for utilizing the industrial wastewater in agriculture and discharging to the surface water or wells many limitations are involved. Therefore, for any use of the wastewater, including discharge to the environment or use in agriculture, it is needed to refine and meet the characteristic concentration limit.3-lndustrial wastewater plays an important role in agricultural land POLLUTION, groundwater and plants grown on contaminated land and in long term period of time, the underground water source of Yazd will be highly contaminated.4-Utilization of the none-prime water resources especially industrial and municipal effluent water in the arid region for agricultural land is needed. Water has several limitations. However due to chemical and biological limitation of EW, regarding the HEAVY METAL concentration and it's introduction into human food chain, it is recommendedA- To fully treat before discharge into environmentB- To be used for plant with low tendency to accumulate HEAVY METALsC- To monitor water resources and take the necessary steps to prevent contamination of underground water resources.

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APA: Copy

RAHMANI, HAMID REZA. (2009). STUDY THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANT SOIL, WATER AND PLANT IN YAZD PROVINCE. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 35(51), 27-36. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/3007/en

Vancouver: Copy

RAHMANI HAMID REZA. STUDY THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANT SOIL, WATER AND PLANT IN YAZD PROVINCE. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES[Internet]. 2009;35(51):27-36. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/3007/en

IEEE: Copy

HAMID REZA RAHMANI, “STUDY THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANT SOIL, WATER AND PLANT IN YAZD PROVINCE,” JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, vol. 35, no. 51, pp. 27–36, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/3007/en

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