PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA

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BOKAEI M.; ENJEZAB B.; FROTAN F.

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Journal: VIRTUAL Year:621 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 Page(s): 178-178

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Title

PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA

Author(s)

BOKAEI M. | ENJEZAB B. | FROTAN F. | Issue Writer Certificate

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Abstract

Introduction: One of the most discussed phenomena affecting the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy is so-called physiologic anemia of pregnancy. This type of anemia is caused primarily by an increase in plasma volume during the second half of the pregnancy. Plasma volume is increased at a rate much faster than hemoglobin and red blood cells are produced. This phenomenon, combined with the increased capacity of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the placenta, leads to the development of anemia in the second half of the pregnancy. The underlying cause is probably an increased concentration in the red blood cells of 2,3-diglycerophosphate, which results in a shift in the form of the hemoglobin dissociation curve, facilitating oxygen delivery to the tissues.Material and method: search in Ovid and other electronic reverences.Results: Some studies suggest that physiologic anemia is beneficial to the fetus, as it is thought to decrease blood viscosity and enhance placental perfusion to provide better maternal-fetal gas and nutrient exchange. This is especially true in cases of mild anemia. Multiple unwanted effects on the mother and fetus have been attributed to IDA in pregnancy, although some of the studies reporting these effects were not sufficiently powered to confirm these findings. There is strong evidence of an association between maternal hemoglobin level and birth weight. Although controversial, there is also evidence of an association between maternal hemoglobin concentration and preterm birth. It is not possible to determine how much of this association is attributable to IDA deficiency anemia specifically. A recent study 15 demonstrated that patients with severe anemia may have a 4.6-fold increased risk for prolonged labor compared with patients with normal hemoglobin levels. A 4.8-fold higher risk of operative delivery and an increased risk of low-birth-weight infants (<2500 g) also were documented. In this study, unlike others, no increased risk for preterm labor was demonstrated. These findings may represent the effect of multiple nutritional deficiencies and not necessarily the effect of anemia alone. Patients with anemia also were documented to have higher induction rates than nonanemic patients.Conclusion: Inadequate intake of iron related to diets poor in bioavailable iron is often responsible for iron deficiency before pregnancy, and metabolic adjustments are insufficient to meet increasing needs during pregnancy. The effects of iron deficiency on the fetus are still controversial. Numerous measures, including the evaluation of erythrocyte ferritin, favor the hypothesis that the level of iron stores in newborns is related to maternal iron status and that the materno-fetal unit is dependent on exogenous iron, which is necessary to prevent iron deficiency in both mothers and infants. In industrialized countries, iron supplements should be prescribed for pregnant women in the third trimester, when the need for iron is prominent. In developing countries, supplementation should be initiated as soon as possible after conception because of the high prevalence of iron deficiency at the onset of pregnancy.

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APA: Copy

BOKAEI, M., ENJEZAB, B., & FROTAN, F.. (0). PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA. VIRTUAL, 1(1), 178-178. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/556889/en

Vancouver: Copy

BOKAEI M., ENJEZAB B., FROTAN F.. PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA. VIRTUAL[Internet]. 0;1(1):178-178. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/556889/en

IEEE: Copy

M. BOKAEI, B. ENJEZAB, and F. FROTAN, “PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA,” VIRTUAL, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 178–178, 0, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/556889/en

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