Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets

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MIRZAEI ABDOLLAH; Rahmani Farnoush

Title

Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets

Author(s)

MIRZAEI ABDOLLAH | Rahmani Farnoush | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Pictorial carpets

Constitutional revolution

Qajar era

Carpet merchants

Reflection Approach

Abstract

Hand-woven carpets are considered as one of the mos t prominent industrial and cultural arts in Iran. The design and role of these rugs are influenced by socio-cultural contexts and always have signs of society and culture of the producers. Among the different types of Iranian carpets, Pictorial carpets are an important source of s tudy for unders tanding the social and cultural contexts of producing societies. The texture of these carpets became popular with various subjects from the Qajar period, under the influence of fundamental changes in printing techniques and photographic technology and influenced by the social changes of that period. In the meantime, a group of Pictorial carpets influenced by the social and political developments of the Cons titutional Revolution were produced in the late Qajar eras, which in the contemporary his tory of Iranian carpets are referred to as cons titutional carpets. Coinciding with the years of the Cons titutional Revolution, carpet production and trade became the mos t important economic activity in Iran, and more than half of the country's working population was engaged in carpet production. Sociologis ts believe that works of art and culture, because they are produced, dis tributed and consumed in the social context and by human factors, therefore cannot be immune from the effects of social variables and the hidden and obvious traces of social changes can always be seen and s tudied in these works. Therefore, considering the activity of a significant part of the factors of production and trade of Iranian carpets during the Cons titutional Revolution, the main issue of the present s tudy is how to reflect the social dimensions of the cons titutional discourse in Qajar era image carpets. The purpose of this s tudy is firs t to emphasize the importance of s tudying Pictorial carpets containing political and social themes as valid cultural documents in contemporary Iranian his torical and social discourse and then to recognize the visual dimensions of the reflection of the cons titutional movement in carpets and production geography this type of carpet. Accordingly, the main ques tions of the research are: a: How is the discourse of cons titutionalism reflected in the Pictorial carpets of this period? B: Which regions belong to the geography of the production of Pictorial carpets with cons titutionalis t themes? For this purpose, using library resources, 5 samples of woven carpets with cons titutionalis t themes were identified and s tudied in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results showed that in the Qajar period, carpet weaving facilitated the gathering of the working masses, the promotion of modernis t ideas, and the mobilization of forces for protes t and revolutionary actions in terms of inclusive development among production-prone areas. On the other hand, the intertwining of politics with trade and art in the Qajar era and the special place of carpet production and export in the country's economy and employment had caused Pictorial carpets with cons titutionalis t themes in other arts to be influenced by the social discourse of the cons titutional era. The social dimensions of the cons titutionalis t discourse, including nationalism, libertarianism, jus tice, and progress, provided a s trong social and cultural foundation that was reflected in the arts of the period, including an important group of Pictorial carpets. The analysis of the samples showed that the reflection of the cons titutionalis t discourse in the carpets of the Qajar period is reflected in the form of visual, literary and symbolic signs. These signs are depicted in the visual dimension by referring directly to the images of freedom-loving heroes and elites and the texture of their image in the field of carpets, and in the literary dimension by reflecting constitutionalis t ideals such as freedom and jus tice in the form of explicit written meanings. In the symbolic dimension, the reflection of these ideas has been done in the form of using the s tructure of composition and symbolic designs, including the s tructure of the altar and the symbolic design of the face. These cultural symbols and signs have contributed to the continuation of the discourse of libertarianism and modernism among the masses and the working masses and have created a symbolic and sometimes critical language towards the ruling class discourse. The s tudy of pictorial samples of carpets and characters attached to them showed that the majority of carpets in the geography of the city of Tabriz and with images of characters and heroes active in the city have been produced in this city. Attention to the political and geographical position and the role of human factors in the revival and development of Iranian carpet weaving in the Qajar era showed that the social elites of this city in terms of having such characteristics sooner than other regions realized the country's backwardness and were prone to accept new ideas and dissent. At the same time, the support of Tabriz merchants, led by Carpet merchants, provided the ground for the production of carpets with images of constitutionalis ts in this city.

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APA: Copy

MIRZAEI, ABDOLLAH, & Rahmani, Farnoush. (2021). Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets. GLORY OF ART ( JELVE-Y-HONAR), 13(1 (30) ), 68-79. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/962091/en

Vancouver: Copy

MIRZAEI ABDOLLAH, Rahmani Farnoush. Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets. GLORY OF ART ( JELVE-Y-HONAR)[Internet]. 2021;13(1 (30) ):68-79. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/962091/en

IEEE: Copy

ABDOLLAH MIRZAEI, and Farnoush Rahmani, “Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets,” GLORY OF ART ( JELVE-Y-HONAR), vol. 13, no. 1 (30) , pp. 68–79, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/962091/en

No record.

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Reflection of the Social Dimensions of Constitutional Revolution on Qajar Pictorial Carpets