This paper is concerned with the optimization of velocity response of structures. Since a few research have been done in the field of velocity response optimization so far, using different optimization approaches for simple structures can provide an insight into the behaviour of the velocity response of such structures. The problem reported here seeks the optimum heights of a simply supported beam for maximizing its tip velocity when released from a deflected state. The problem has been solved using two zero-order methods, the Evolutionary Program and the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and a first-order method, DFP. The results of these three methods have been compared against each other. The best result has been obtained using the GA, which yields to a 428% improvement in the tip velocity with respect to a uniform beam. The dynamic analysis has been carried out using the ANSYS5.4 program.

The growth and development of societies and growth in human needs with development of communication which has resulted the genesis of a specific form of financial and commercial activities which do not face the preceding limitations and with a minimum funds provides to access the maxim profit from all over the world. CFD or a contract for differences is a transaction on the rising and falling of the asset’ s value without delivery or transfer of the owning the underlying asset. This underlying asset can be stock indices, stocks or shares, commodities, bond. One of the most important and most basic is CFD trading on silver, gold, oil and gas. It is obvious that no legal and jurisprudential study has been conducted over this new trade. it will follow ambiguities such as usury, gamble and legal problems like ambiguity in the nature and the type of the contract specially our legal system has been codified based on Imamiyah fiqh. In this research firstly the position of CFD (contract for difference) on commodities have been considered. then it presents a appropriate legal form and strategies to overcome these legal and share'i (Arabic: شرعی) problems. With regard to the civil code and the possibility of the sacred lawgiver in concern to the principle of freedom of contract which has accepted. If the nature of these contracts is interpreted in the form of sulh contract. Not only it resolves the problem of inconsistency with the determined contracts but also the Islamic legal ambiguity have not been created at all.

Introduction: Image distortion is one of the major problems of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in 3DMRI, velocity MRI, FMRI and radiotherapy treatment planning (RTTP). It is widely known that the most obvious effect of the in homogenity of the magnetic fields and the nonlinearity of the gradient is the Geometric Distortion of MR tomograms. In this study, the accuracy of MR images was considered by the phantom study and the reproducibility of images was evaluated by repeating the phantom measurements. Materials and Methods: MRI scans of the phantom with grid pattern inside it were performed using head coil in two 1.5 Tesla MRI systems (picker VISTA TM HPQ, USA & GE Signa Echo Speed, USA). For the Geometric Distortion reproducibility evaluation the T1W, T2W and PDW SE protocols were repeated three times. The Geometric Distortion was measured by an edge, detection program in MATLAB.Results: The geometric distortion in the peripheral area of the images tends to be generally larger than it in the central area in all images. The average displacement in Picker MRI was 3 pixels in the y and 1pixel in the x direction and in GE MRI it was 1pixel in both x and y direction for 24 cm FOV (pixel = 0.9mm).Discussion and Conclusions: Since the positional variation was within 1 to 3 pixels for the head coil, it will be possible to use this MR system in 3DMRI, velocity MRI, FMRI and RTTP. To decrease the geometric distortion the use of suitable coil and protocol are expected.

Background and Objectives: The cellulose industry is one of the most important and influential industries in developed and developing countries. Waste recycling is one of the activities that have recently been considered in this industry. Despite the enormous economic and environmental benefits of recycling, this process results in the generation of effluent which is important for the study of its pollution. Method: For recycling of MDF wastes two different method including hydrothermal and ohmic heating were utilized. Hydrothermal method was done at 105˚ C for 150 min and ohmic heating method was carried at 100 ˚ C for 2 different time duration (2 and 4 min). The chemicals contained in waste waters obtained from recycling of MDF wastes were determined using of chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) test. Additionally, pH value, BOD, COD, TDS and TSS for all kinds of waste waters were measured. Finding: The results showed that the nitrogenous compounds had the most concentration in waste water obtained from hydrothermal method, and in the wastewater produced by ohmic method, both the 2 and 4 mins. Discussion and Conclusion: The most active materials were the acids. The obtained waste waters included chloride phenol compounds, tannins and lignin derivatives and their BOD, COD and suspended compounds were higher than the requirements defined in standard. Filtration method can be used for decreasing the amount of suspended solids.

in scientific documents are rich sources of information. The first step in retrieving information from such figures is to build a valid figure database. To this end, we developed a system for generating figure database from scholarly Persian documents, in large scale. The first step is to parse files and extract figures and their corresponding descriptions. There are two general approaches for extracting figures from documents. One is based on image processing methods and another is based on processing the file primitives. The focus of this paper is on latter one. This approach is shown to be a better choice for the search engines because of its speed and scalability properties. We propose a structure based method that extracts the figures and their descriptions by analyzing the file layout. This information is saved in a database with a specific structure and is indexed for retrieval in the search engine. The proposed algorithm was implemented in Python programming language. As a benchmark we used the basic method in the literature which is based on the processing PDF file. We employed the proposed method in a case study on Iran scientific information database (Ganj). In this regard, 150 scientific documents were randomly chosen from Ganj database and analyzed using two mentioned methods. Based on our experimental results, the proposed method is more efficient than the basic method especially for Persian documents. There are many unanswered challenges for Persian documents when using the basic method. The number of noise images resulted from the basic method is high and Persian text extracted is not well organized. Our proposed method overcomes some of these drawbacks and is recommended for generating figure database from scientific Persian documents. The proposed method is able to correctly extract about 40% of the images with their corresponding descriptions which is 10% better than the basic method.