Background: Smokers have recently been shown to be insulin resistant and to exhibit several characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome that could increase postprandial triglyceridemia. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia could increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In this study, we assessed fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in healthy, normolipidaemic, chronic smokers and a matched group of nonsmoking individuals. Methods and Materials: We evaluated 78 subjects with simple sampling in case-control study. 39 were smoker and 39 nonsmokers. All of them had normal lipid and glycemic profile and had BMI between 19 and 29.9. The subjects didn’t have history of CAD or previously elevated fasting TG>150mg/dl, FBS>100mg/dl, age>60or<30, or alcoholic drinking. Then we give them 60 gm butter and triglyceride level was checked one and six hours postprandial. Between these times the subjects should not eat anything except water and smokers were allowed to smoke. All data analyzed with T-test and for repeated data ANOVA with SPSS software.Results: In our study was shown that TG levels among women and men had no significant difference (p=0.403). There was a significant difference among fasting TG, one hour postprandial and six hours postprandial in both groups(p<0.001). Also the changing rate of lipid from fasting state to one and six hours postprandial, among smokers and nonsmokers was significantly different (p<0.001).Conclusion: We concluded that smoking can change lipid profile in normolipemic subjects; and smokers with normal fasting triglyceride have more elevated levels of postprandial triglyceride in compared to nonsmokers.Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia has been an important factor for cardiovascular disease, then smoking can increase cardiovascular disease risk in this way.

Background: Cerebrovascular ischemic accident is the third most common cause of death in community. Management of high-risk patients reduces complications and mortality. Serum lipid profile is one of the most important factors influencing the prognosis.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 123 (58 female and 65 male) patients with acute ischemic stroke, mean aged 65.1±11.16 years, were admitted to Sina Hospital between September2008 and September 2009. The inclusion criteria were age between 40-90 years and ischemic stroke within the anterior or posterior brain blood system. The exclusion criteria were brain tumor or abscess, venous sinus thrombosis, liver disease, renal failure, hypothyroidism or metabolic problems. Serum lipid profile was evaluated during the first 24 hours after stroke and after 12 hours of fasting. Furthermore, the patients' inability was evaluated on the first and fifth day of hospitalization by NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS).Results: Patients' total serum cholesterol was 189.93±51.46 mg/dl and mean total serum triglycerides was 157.72±72.67 mg/dl. The mean HDL and LDL was 47.70±14.43 and105.98±37 mg/dl, respectively. In the analysis, a significant inverse relationship was found between serum triglyceride levels and fifth day's NIHSS. In addition, age and a history of heart disease had a significant direct relationship with the first day's NIHSS. (p<0.05) Conclusion: The study showed a better prognosis in cases with increased plasma triglyceride levels, after cerebral ischemic stroke. Besides, older age and a history of ischemic heart disease were associated with a worse prognosis.

2Background and purpose: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important diseases of the elderly, and recently the effect of triglyceride glucose (TYG) index as one of the indicators of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease has attracted the attention of researchers. Previous research has shown a link between insulin resistance and coronary artery calcification. Since triglyceride glucose index (TyG) is an index that is easily available, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between triglyceride index and fasting blood sugar and coronary heart disease and diabetes in the elderly of Amirkola. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the elderly participating in the second phase of the Amirkola Health and Aging Cohort Study (AHAP). The elderly were divided into two groups of 200 people, the first group was diabetics with cardiovascular disease and the second group was diabetic elderly without cardiovascular disease. Patient information including age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, coronary artery disease, history of dyslipidemia, medications, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, smoking habits, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, creatinine, physical activity, and HbA1c were collected in a checklist. The TYG index was calculated based on the LN formula [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Ultimately, SPSS version 25 software was utilized to describe the data using mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The qualitative variables were compared with the coronary artery disease using the chi-square test, while the quantitative variables were compared using the independent t-test in univariate analysis. Furthermore, the process of adjusting for confounding variables was carried out by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: In this study, 400 diabetic elderly participants were examined based on the relationship between triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery disease. The average age of the elderly with coronary artery disease was 70.46±6.10 and the elderly without coronary artery disease was 70.50±6.49 years. Triglyceride glucose index in diabetic elderly with and without coronary artery disease was 9.3±0.68 and 9.30±0.65, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.92). Mean creatinine (P=0.004), number of comorbidities (P<0.001), and drugs consumed (P<0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic elderly with coronary artery disease. The probability of coronary artery disease in diabetic elderly with cholesterol above 200 mg/dL (OR=0.549, P=0.018) or use of antilipid drugs (OR=2.050, P=0.002) or more than three underlying diseases (356.4=OR- P=0.0001) had more. The mean cholesterol in diabetic elderly without coronary artery disease was significantly higher than that of elderly with coronary artery disease(P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study on diabetic elderly, glucose triglyceride index cannot be an independent risk factor and a suitable tool for the clinical forecast of coronary artery disease in Type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride glucose index alone cannot help in the prognosis of coronary artery disease and finally, the role of triglyceride glucose index in coronary artery diseases and various types of cardiovascular diseases needs more research.

Background: Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in studying on herbal drugs for decreasing blood levels of lipid and glucose. There is a controversy in studies about the effect of psyllium on hyperlipidemia. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, a total of 72 subjects with serum triglyceride between 160 to 200 mg/dl and cholesterol between 130 to190 mg/dl, were randomly allocated into two case and control groups. We administered 5 gram per day psyllium for the case group, and 5 gram of per day cellulose for the control group. After 60 days, levels of serum lipids and glucose were assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in triglyceride levels between the case and control groups; but the serum LDL-cholesterol levels increased in both groups: 161.07 compared to 147.5 mg/dl in psyllium group (P= 0.002) and 156.8 compared to 132.10 mg/dl in control group (P<0.0001), while HDL-cholesterol level decreased only in the control group (48088 compared to 33.34 mg/dl; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Psyllium can decrease LDL-cholesterol level without affecting the serum HDL-cholesterol level.

Introduction: Total parental nutrition is essential in premature newborns who are unable to have oral feeding. Intra venous Lipid (Intra lipid) is used to preparing essential fatty acids and a compact source of energy. We aimed in this study to investigate the effect of skin intra lipid.Methods: Premature newborns, who were through admitted in NICU unable to feed orally, were investigated in a clinical trial study. The patients divided into two groups randomly. The level of TG and cholesterol were measured with End point enzymatic method in first, third and seventh day after onset of the study. Both groups were evaluated in terms of clinical complication of essential fatty-acids deficiency. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and t-test.Results: Mean of TG in both groups had no significant difference in the first day, but showed significant difference in the third and seventh day after use of oil (P<0.001). Mean of serum cholesterol did not show significant difference in both groups.Conclusion: Application of sun-flower oil on the skin of premature newborns could not only correct the serum TG level in low TG-level patients but also normalize TG level in newborns with parental nutrition as well as preventing complications of essential fatty acid deficiency.

Background: With the ever increasing incidence of coronary artery disease, its detection in particular through visual system becomes important. This study examines the relationship between corneal arcus and coronary risk factors such as cholesterol, triglycerid and fasting blood sugar.Methods: For this cross - sectional study, 265 participants all aged over 30 years were randomly selected from the patients who referred to a clinic over the first three months of 2004. Cholesterol, triglycerid and fasting blood sugar level was tested. Severity of corneal arcus was determined. The data were then analyzed using ANOVA and chi square test with %95 confidence interval.Results: Our results showed that the frequency and severity of corneal arcus were positively correlated with age (P=0.041) and the condition was more prevalent in males (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between mean of cholesterol and blood sugar level and how severe corneal arcus (cholesterol P=0.004, blood sugar P=0.04). But the condition was not related to the triglyceride level (P=0.268).Conclusion: Corneal arcus picked up in eye exams can aid detection of coronary artery disease as the condition is related to other health problems such as high cholesterol and high fasting blood sugar level.