It is commonly accepted that the sex of newborns is under the influence of parental blood pH and cations level. On the other hand survey in the field of Iranian and Islamic medicine customy indicates that with parental consumption of chicory, the sex of babies is very likely to become male. In this study, the effects of parental administration of chicory leaves (Cichorium intybus L.) extract on the blood pH and cations level and the sex of newborns of Wistar rat were investigated. Both sexes of experimental groups 1 and 2 (5 males and 12 females in each group), respectively, were injected intraperitonealy by 1 and 0.7 g/kg body weight (LD50= 2.244 g/kg) Soxhlet aqueous extract of chicory leaves for a duration of 30 days, by 72 hours intervals. Control rats (4 male and 16 females) were injected distilled water. During the injectional period, blood samples were collected from all animals and the pH of the blood and the serum concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and testosterone level (in males) were measured. At day 30, all rats were mated inter- and intra-grouply. After birth, the male and female newborns were counted and the sex ratio of each group was calculated. The results obtained from the present investigation showed that blood pH and the serum levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in all groups were unchanged while there was a significant increase (p<0.01)in Na+ and K+ level (and therefore [Na+]+[K+]/ [Ca2+]+[Mg2+]  of experimental group 1, comparing with control group. Also the sex ratio of experimental group 1 showed an increase by 10.23%, which was significant (p<0.05). No significant differences was found in serum levels of Na+, K+ and the sex ratio of experimental group 2 comparing with control group. But there was a significant difference between experimental group 1 and 2. These results indicate that chicory leave consumption probably by altering the electrolytes balance of the body internal environment may increases the sex ratio.      

In traditional medicine some of plants have been used as analgesics. The aim of this search was evaluating of the analgesic effect of zingiber officinal that is used traditionally for relief of headache, rheumatic arteritis and tooth pain.For this purpose the suxhleted and perculated extracts of zingiber, with different doses, 50,75,100mg/kg, were injected intraperitoneally to mice and the analgesic effect was determined by formalin test.The data indicate that the injection of zingiber extract with different doses, 15 min before formalin injection, induced significant analgesia (p<0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in analgesic effect between the suxhleted and perculated extracts of zingiber.

Background. Senna italica Miller or Cassia italica (Miller) Sprengel is a native medicinal plant growing in south of Iran and has laxative and cathartic effects. Anthraquinone compounds have been partly associated with the purgative effects of the plant. One of the side effects of anthraquinones is griping and presence of flavonoid compounds in the plant may decrease this effect.Methods. In this study, the plant after being collected, was extracted by a soxhlet method. The isolation of flavonoids was carried out by means of preparative Thin Layer Chromatography of extract of the plant leaves. The structure of flavonoids was determined by the UV-Vis. techniques in methanol and by addition of the shift reagents and hydrolysis. The quantitative determinations of flavonoids in plant were also performed using an UV-Vis. spectroscopy method.Results and Discussion. Rutin or 5, 7, 3', 4' tetrahydroxy-flavone 3-O-rhamnoglucoside and two flavonoids from aurone group were isolated and identified from the leaves of Senna italica. The percent of flavonoids in Iranian Senna determined 1.5 fold than Cassia angustifolia. These flavonoids may decrease the griping effects of Senna anthraquinones.

To evaluate correlation between liver fat and levels of AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total bilirubin and BUN; Liver and blood samples were taken from 163 dairy cows at Mashhad abattoir. Fat of livers were measured by soxhelt method and blood parameters with use of commercial kits and auto analyzer. Statistical analysis of results were revealed significant differences between group 1-4 for liver fat, AST, ALT, LDH, triglyceride and cholesterol (P<0.05). Between groups and b there were significant differences for AST, LDH and total bilirubin (P<0.05). Significant correlation's were seen between liver fat and levels of AST, ALT, LDH, triglyceride, total bilirubin and BUN (P<0.05).

Fluctuation of hypericin and yield in Hypericum perforatum was examined in Karaj research station in 1989. In this study chemical fetilizer, organic manure and combination of them were alocated in subplot, and plant density was alocated as main plot with 4, 5.7 and 10 plant m-2. In a split plot design under CRBD with 3 replication hypericin in the tops from the first harvest was extracted and measured by soxhlet and spectrophotometer. Hypericin extraction was performed in two stages by CHCL3 and MeOH and measured by standard hypericin. The results showed that the combination of fertilizer and manure and also manure alone produced maximum hypericin, which were 2262 and 2197 ppm, respectively. Hypericin yields of the mentioned treatments with 4684 and 4534 gr/ha also showed significant difference with chemical fertilizer and control. The highest hypericin yield produced in 10 plant m-2 density. Sum of hypericin yields for combination of manure and fertilizer treatment in two harvests reaches to 8094 gr/ha. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer and manure by improvement of the soil physical, chemical and biological properties are able to improve hypericin content without any toxicity in this medicinal plant.

Some plants have the analgesic effect. the purpose of this study was investigating the analgesic effect of lavandula officinallis (LO) which used traditionally as sedative, analgesic and antimigrain.Extraction of this plant was done by sllxhlet and percolation methods by methanol 80%. The extract was concentrated. the weight of dlied extract was determined and dissolved in normal salin, to produce different concentration.The analgesic effect of extract was evaluated by Tail-Flick and Formalin Test in mice. Seven young male albino mice with 22-27g weight were used in each groups. In control group, normalsalin was injected IP with the dose of 10ml/kg.The suxhlet extract oflavandula was injected IP with the doses of 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg. The analgesic effect of extract was evaluated by Tail-Flick Test. The results showed that the dose of 1000mg/kg had the highest analgesic effect P<0.01. Then the percolation extract with the best dosage injected JP and compared with suxhlet extract.The results showed that the analgesic effect of percolation extract is higher than suxhlet extract. Then the percolation extract with dose of 1000mg/kg injected 1P and the analgesic effect of extract was evaluated by Formalin Test. The results showed that dose of 10000mg/kghad a significant analgesic effect (P<0.01). Pretreatment of animals with naloxone didnot change the analgesic effect of extract, thus the involvement of opioid receptors in the analgesic effect of the LO extract was excluded. At the end .stage of this study the animals that recieved the doses of 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg of extract and the control group were anatomized for histopathological stlldies. The results .showed that the liver and kidney were congested afier injection of lavander extract

Bibliographical studies on traditional plants indicate that there are some evidence for their application as analgesis. In this research, Lemon Balm or Melissa Officinallis (MO) was selected for studying the analgesic effects by formalin test in mice. After collection and scientific identification, the leaves and flowered branches of MO were used for extraction in both, percolation and suxhelet methods. Fifty six male mice weighing 20-25 grams and aging 4-6 week, were used in this study. Methanolic extract resulting from percolation method at different doses; 50, 75,100 and 200 mg/kg and also 200mg/kg of suxhelet extract were injected intraperitoneally to mice 15 min before formalin injection. Ten ml/kg of vehicle or 300 mg/kg of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or 2.5 mg/kg of morphine were injected to the control groups, 15 min before an injection of 0.5% formalin (0.25 µl, S.c. subplantar of leg). The results showed that all doses of extract had a significant analgesic effect as comparing to vehicle (P<0.05) and at the dose of 200 mg/kg had the highest analgesic effect. Moreover percolation extract (200 mg/kg) induced analgesic respones more than suxhelet extract. The analgesic effect of extracts was lower than morphine at all doses. The extract also showed a greater analgesic effect than ASA 5-10 after injection.

In traditional medicine, some plants are used as analgesic. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the analgesic effect of "Melilotus Officinalis", which is used traditionally to relieve rheumatic pain, migrain and as anti-inflammatory agent. For this purpose different doses of the suxheleted and percolated extract of melilotus officinal is, were injected intraperitoneally to mice and the analgesic effect was determined by tail flick and formalin tests. The results showed that, suxheleted methanolic extract with doses of 50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg induced significant analgesia effect in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). The maximum analgesic effect was observed in 200mg/kg which reached to its peak at 120 min after injection (P<0. 01). Analgesic effect of suxheleted extract was higher than percolated one. Pretreatment of animals with naloxane did not change the analgesic effect of the extract; therefore the involvement of opioid receptors was excluded in this respect. The ulcerogenicity test showed that the ulcerogenic effect of the extract was lower than that of the same dose of indomethacine. Overall the results indicated that the extract of the plant had analgesic effect.

In traditional medicine some of plants have been used as anagesics; The aim of this search was evaluating of the analgesic effect of piper nigrum that used traditianaly for relief headache, migrain, rheumatic arthritis and tooth pain.For this purpose the suxhleted and percolated extract of piper nigrum, with different doses, 50, 75, 100 mg/Kg, were injected intraperitoneally to mice and the analgesic effect was determined by formalin test. The data indicate that the injection of piper nigrum extract with different doses, 15 min before formalin injection, Induced significant analgesia (P<0.01), and there is no statistically significant difference in analgesic effect between the suxhleted and percolated extract of piper nigrum.Injection of piper nigrum extract with dose of 100 mg/Kg 30 min before formalin injection also. induced significant analgesia (P<0.01) but this analgesic effect in compare to 15 min before formalin injection was smaller.