Background & Objective: Candida genus comprises diverse species of yeast and yeast like fungi that some of them especially candida albicans are parts of the normal flora of human body. They are opportunistic parasites that cause diseases. There are currently limited effective drugs against those fungi. Hence this may lead to the emergence of resistant species. The aim of present study was evaluation of antimycotic effects of nystatin, clotrimazole and miconazole against candida species. Method: Present survey is an experimental study that has evaluated antifungal effects of nystatin, clotrimazole and miconazole on candida species which were isolated from patients. These drugs were applied to 30 cases of candida albicans and 30 of other species of candida. In addition, resistant and sensitive species of candida were used. Broth and Agar mediums were used to culture the mentioned fungi and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for each drug. Results: Results showed that candida albicans species were more sensitive to clotrimazole and nystatin than to miconazole(P<0.01). Other candida species were more sensitive to all these drugs as compared to candida albicans(P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between the MIC averages of two methods. The MIC averages of nystatin, clotrimazole and miconazole for candida albicans were 2.2µg/ml, 2.6µg/ml and 18µg/ml respectively. The mean MIC of the mentioned drugs for other candida species was 0.81µg/ml, 0.56µg/ml and 1.2µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that determination of species and doing sensitivity tests before any treatment are required and important; and on the whole, nonalbicans species were more sensitive than albicans species in the presence of the above drugs.

Background and Aim: Chlorhexidine is a mouthwash with known antibacterial effect but its antifungal effect is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of nystatin and chlorhexidine mouthwashes (one Iranian product and the other, commercial) on Candida albicans under in vitro condition. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the strains of Candida albicans used consisted of one standard strain (PTCC 5027) and ten local isolates. The latter were obtained from patients referred to different dental clinics in Kerman city. The specimens were taken from the gum and palate area by sterile swabs and dipped into Stewards transport medium, transferred to the laboratory within one hour, and cultured on Sabauraud dextrose Agar. Colonies showing the characteristic appearance of Candida were further cultured and routine differential tests including germ tube formation were performed to confirm the diagnosis of C.albicans. These were used to prepare a microbial cell suspension of 0.5 Mc Farland concentrations. Each cell suspension was inoculated over duplicate plates of SDA and 4 wells of 5 mm diameter were made using sterile cork borers. Each previously coded mouthwash was placed in corresponding well and incubated for 24-48 hours and the diameter of inhibition zone was measured with ruler. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each mouthwash for each isolate of Candida albicans was determined using dilution tube technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS package using proper statistical tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: There was a significant difference between the antimicrobial effects of the four tested mouthwashes. The results indicated that Iranian nystatin mouthwash had the greatest effect and the average inhibition zone from the highest to the lowest was associated with Iranian nystatin, foreign nystatin, Iranian chlorhexidine and foreign chlorhexidine respectively. The MIC determination revealed that generally nystatin was more effective than chlorhexidine. No statistical difference was seen between the Iranian and foreign samples. Conclusions: Despite the antifungal effects of chlorhexidine, more investigations on different strains of C.albicans is required before recommending its cilinical application.

Background and Aim: The study aim was to evaluate antifungal effects of Artemisia absinthium, Eucalyptus spp, Allium cepa, Cinnamomum zelanicum, Curcuma longa, Salvia officinalis, Mentha Piperita, and Calendula officinalis mouthwashes.Materials and Methods: Standard species of Candida albicans by the PTCC number 5027 was prepared from Pathogenic and Industrial bacteria and fungi collection center of Iran. Ten wild species were also prepared from the palatal mucus or buccal mucus of patients submitted to one of the clinics in Kerman. Extracts from the plants were made using percolation method with hydro alcoholic solvent followed by evaporation of the organic solvent under vacuum and then drying in a 50°C oven. Then 0.5 McFarland suspensions from all fungi species were prepared.These suspensions were used by both small well and tube methods. Results: All the extracts had antifungal activity against Candida albicans. However, this property in the first four plant-extracts was more powerful than the others.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the extracts of Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus spp, Artemisia absinthium, Cinnamomum zelanicum had considerable antifungal effects.

Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis is one of the most frequent infections of the female genital tract in different countries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of clotrimazile, nystatin and povidone iodine (betadine) in treatment of vaginal candidiasis in patients referred to gynecologic clinics of Mashhad.Method and Material: This is a clinical trial study on wemon referring to gynecologic clinics in Ghaem, Imam Reza, Imam Zaman & Ali - e - bn - e - Abi taleb centers, for vaginal discharge.Vaginal candidiasis was confirmed by direct fresh smear, Papanicolao staining, gram staining and culture. Among 300 cases, considering inclusion & exclusion criteria, 130 pateints suffering from vaginal candidiasis were selected. Each received either vaginal tablets of clotrimazole, nystatin or vaginal gel of betadine randomly.Results: Among 300 patients suffering from vaginitis symptoms, candidiasis was confirmed only in 43% of the cases, most of them between 25-35 years old. Clotrimazole was more effective than betadine clinically. There was no significant difference between nystatin, clotrimazole or betadine in treatment of patients. Betadine side effects were more prominant compared to clotrimazole and nystatine. Conclusion: It is concluded that compared to betadine, clotrimazole and nystatin are safer in treatment of vaginal candidiasis and because of shorter duration of treatment, usage of clotrimazole is more reasonable in treatment of vaginal candidiasis compared to nystatin and betadine.

Introduction: Denture stomatitis is one of the most problem in denture wearers and related to candida albicans. In This study we aimed to determaine garlic extract as an antifungal agent in oral candidiasis.Methods: Candida albicans growth in CHROM Agar was made serial dilution from 16 to 512 mg 1-1 from fresh garlic extract and measured minimmum Inhibitory Concentration. Normal salin was used as control.Results: Garlic extract showed antifungal activities in 32 mg 1-1 concentration, where clotrimazol showed its antifungal activity in 64 mg 1-1 concentration and both Amphoteracin and Nystatin showed their activities in 128 mg 1-1 concentration. Conclusion: Garlic extract in invitro studies is more than Nystatin, Amphoteracin and clotrimazol, eventhough, all of the one effective in higher than 128 mg 1-1 concentration.

Background and Aim: Topical and systemic antimicrobials are widely used in dental practice. Likewise, antimicrobials may be used in order to reduce the count of oral pathogens before oral surgery in immune compromised patients or other high risk patients as well.Propolis is a wax- or resin-like substance that is collected by bees from fresh flowers, or other botanical sources, and used to reinforce the structural stability of the hive, acting as a barrier in preventing diseases and parasites from entering the hive. Given that there are differences in Propolis property produced around the world, the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of the Propolis produced in Hamedan province, Iran, with Nystatin (antifungal drug) and Chlorhexidine (antibacterial mouthwash).Materials and Methods: By using whole technique, the antimicrobial effect of 30% ethanol extract of Propolis was demonstrated against S. mutans, C. albicans and A.a.commitans. The antimicrobial effects of Ethanol-extract of Propolis and Chlorhexidine solution were evaluated at eight different times against S.mutans, C.albicans and A.a.commitans. The 70° ethanol was used as control.Results: The microorganisms under investigation in this study revealed close susceptibility to various concentrations of Propolis extract, and the complete clear zones revealed remarkable effect. For other bacteria, different degrees of susceptibility to Propolis were observed.Conclusions: Based on these findings we may conclude that 30% ethanol extract of Propolis is very effective on oral pathogenic microorganisms (such as Streptococcus mutants, Candida albicans and Actinobacillus a. commitans).

In this survey in vitro inhibitory effects of Myrtus Communis extract and nystatin on clinical Isolates of candida albicans from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Standard Strains of C.albicans were studied. The plant extracSt was obtained from Barij essence Co.The type strains of c.albicans were prepared from ATCC90028 collections. 45 clinical Isolates of c.albicans that were confirmed by microbiological methods used in the tests. Inbibitory effects of the Extract analyzed by serial dilution broth technique after determination of antimicrobial bioactivity. Based on the data analysis the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M.Communis L. extract on clinical Isolates and type strain of c.albicans were 25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. Also the best MIC of Nystatin on clinical Isolates and type strain of C.albicans were 36 mg/ml the obtained Results showed that Myrtle extract has Inbibitory effect on clinical Isolates and type strain of C.albicans in lower concentrations than Nystatin drug . The present study suggest consideration of the plants extract with the highest antimicrobial activity and forms the basis for further Investigations to isolate active components , elucidated the structures and evaluate them against wider range of microbial Strains with the goal to find new the therapeutic principles. Substitution of commonly used Antifungal and Inhibiting chemicals by natural extracts such as Myrtle is recommended.