During the past 10 years (1368-1377) 13 patients (7 male, 6 female) whose ranged from 11 to 54 years (mean 29.5 years) with diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were operated at Ghaem and Omid hospitals. Perforation occurred in 5 patients due to toxic megacolon or toxic colitis so they were operated urgently.The operation carried out in these patietns was total colectomy with end ileostomy and preservation of rectum as the initial treatment with 2 postoperative deaths. At the second stage usually 6-11 months later mucosal proctectomy and construction of S pouch from ileum and ileal pouch-anal anatomists (IPAA) with protective ileostomy was done in 3 survivors. After 2 months the ileostomy was removed as a third stage. Elective surgery was performed in 8 patients due to unresponsiveness to medical therapy. Each patient underwent colectomy and standard IPAA and loop ileostomy, and at a second stage after 8 weeks the ileostomy was closed. In one patient whom ileostomy didn't perform was complicated with a pelvic abscess that drained ransperineally with good result fortunately. No operative death occurred in elective patients.Of 11 patients that have had IPAA (3 survivor of urgent operations and 8 elective series) satisfactory function of the reservoir has been achieved in 10 patients. Dysfunctional of reservoir occurred in one patient. He had to catheterize the reservoir to evacuate faeces and this was attributed to the long efferent ileal limb. In this study we analyzed factors affecting technical and functional outcome.

The study area is located about 60 Km north-west of Shiraz, the capital city of Fars province. The mean annual precipitation and temperature are about 367 mm and 17°C, respectively. The climate is semiarid and the soil moisture and temperature regimes are xeric and thermic, respectively.The main objectives of this study were: 1- To study the morphological characteristics and pedogenic development of the calcareous soils formed on different physiographic units, and 2- To determine the mineralogical composition of these soils.In this research, the effects of topography on morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of calcareous soils of Beyza area were studied. Five physiographic units were distinguished, namely, alluvio-colluvial fan, piedmont alluvial plain, flood plain, river alluvial plain, and depression. Entisols, Inceptions, and Aridisols are the dominant soils in the area. The results showed that topography plays an important role in the development of the soils. The soils formed on high-lying land show little or no pedogenic development, while those developed on iow-lying areas have more horizon differentiation and pedogenic development. Soil texture, salinity and lime accumulation were affected by topography. The heavy-textured soils with a high salt and CaCO3 content were found on low-laying areas. Mineralogical study of the soils on different physiographic units showed that the composition of the soils consists of illite, chlorite, smectite and vermiculite. However, the proportion of clay minerals differs. The soils formed on high-laying areas contain more illite and chlorite than those of the low-lying lands.

This article is a retrospective study on 37 patients with Crohn's disease, who have been admitted at Taleghani and Day general hospital during the past 14 years. This chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract which is common in western world, had been rare in eastern countries including Iran until 30 years ago. The object of this study is to show the increasing incidence of Crohn's disease in Iran during the past decades. Despite some similarities, we have found differences in our patients including sex distribution and gut involvement pattern. According to the writers point of view this differences are due to the small number of evaluated patients in this study. Increased incidence of Crohn's disease in Iran is probably due to life style and diet modification, which are secondary to industrialization of the society.

The study was conducted to determine the clinical and etiology of cerebral venous thrombosis in Iran. Records of all adult patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis and MRI of cerebral venous thrombosis form 1993 through 1999 in three major hospitals of Tehran, Iran were reviewed. Fifty patient (39 women, 11 men) aged 14 to 56 years were identified. Headache the most frequent and often the earliest symptom, was encountered in 82 percent and papilledema, the most frequent sign in 56 percent of cases. Infection was the cause of cerebral venous thrombosis in 26 percent of our cases. Other causes included oral contraceptive (32 percent), vasculitis (6 percent). Behcet’s discase (4 percent), postpartum state (4 percent), myeloproliferative disease (2 percent), ulcerative (2 percent), antithrombin III deficiency (2 percent) and diabetic ketoacidosis (2 percent). Oral contraceptive was recognized as the most common etiology. Infection is an important cause whereas procoagulation disorders are uncommon.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are one of the important reasons of the referral to GI practitioners in our country and Ulcerative Colitis is more frequent type of this disease in IRAN. In this study 200 cases of Ulcerative Colitis, which has been referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital during the last 5 year, were studied. Data was collected using the patient’s records and face to face interview with them and their relatives. Majority of the patients were female (55 percent). Positive family was seen in 28 percent of patients, autoimmune disease history in 8 percent, smoking history in 11 percent and smoking cessation history in 13 percent of patients. Most prevalent symptoms in the patients were nocturnal bleeding, rectal bleeding and bloody diarrhea. The most common involve area were recto sigmoid (58 percent) and descending colon (42 percent). Pan colitis was seen in 8 percent. Most people had complications and the most common complication was fissure (14 percent). Recurrence was seen in 83.5 percent of patients. With logistic regression analysis the only variable which showed significant relation with recurrence was male sex. According to the results of this study, it seems that ulcerative colitis clinical and epidemiological pattern in Iran is similar to many other countries, but the higher rate of recurrence and extra intestinal manifestations in patients shows that there is a growing need to reconsider the treatment efficacy in patients and correct the treatment methods.

INTRODUCTION: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding has different ethiologies in different populations and in different ages. This study was aimed to demonstrate relative frequency of causes of lower GI bleeding in patients admitted in Besat hospital of Sanandaj.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The subjects included all patients with lower GI bleeding that were admitted in Besat hospital in 1999. They were 112 patients with age range from 1 to 81 years. Data was collected from the patient`s files.RESULTS: Seventy six patients (67.9%)were male and 36 patients (32.1%) were female. Sixty three patients (56.3%) were town resident and 49 patients (43.8%) were village resident. Ethiology of lower GI bleeding was not diagnosed only in 1 patient (0.9%). Most of the patients had less than 55 years-old-age (76.8%). Nine patients had less than 25 years-old age that was the least freqnency (8.1%) among the age groups.Twenty three patients(20.5%) had another disease associated with lower GI bleeding. The most prevalent chief complaint of the patient was discharge of clear blood from rectum that was present in 29 patients (25.9%)alone. Rectal bleeding was at least one of the patients` complaints in 103 cases (92.7%). Seven patients(6.3%) had no clear rectal bleeding and in five of them the chief complaints were weakness,weight loss and defecation changes. Two of them (1.8%) had melena and abdominal Pain. Fifty eight patients(51.8%) had hemorrhoid in different grades.Hemorrhoid was one of the associated diseases in 68 patients (60.7%). Ten patients(8.9%) had only anal fissure while it was an associated disease in 15 patients (13.6%).Polyps was the cause of lower GI bleeding in 11 patients (10%) while it was an associated disease in 12 patients (10.7%).Colorectal cancer was the cause of lower GI bleeding in 13 patients(11.6%). One patient(0.9%) had both colorectal cancer and hemorrhoid. Inflammatory and infectious colitis were the causes of lower GI bleeding in 6 patients(5.4%).In 2 patients(1.8%) rectal prolapse was the cause of lower GI bleeding. CONCLUSION: Relative freqnency of causes of lower GI bleeding including colorectal cancer in our study are the same as other researchs.