Background. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral clonidine & diazepam on IOP & homodynamic stability after General Anesthesia (GA) with scholine & intubation in ECCE & intraocular lens implantation. Methods. In this study 109 patients with ASA 1 to 3 were randomly allocated to two groups. Oral clonidine (3 µg/kg) and oral diazepam (0.15 mg/kg) were administered to interventional (54 subjects) and control (55 subjects) groups respectively as premeditation. All of patients under GA has given scholine (1.5 mg/kg), sodium thiopentone (5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2 µg/kg). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and MAP were recorded before and 2hr after premeditation, immediately after intubation and 5th and 10th minute after scholine. IOP before  and 2hr after premeditation & 5th and 10th minute      after scholine with schiotz tonometer were measured. Findings. In two groups, mean of IOP in 5th & 10th minute after scholine as compared to before scholine demonstrated significant decrease, so reduction was more significant in experimental group. In two groups, mean of MAP, SBP and DBP after intubation as compared to before intubation and gradually decrease. In 5th & 10th minutes after scholine, MAP and SBP has more stability in experimental group. HR has more significant stability in experimental group. Conclusion. Clonidine is an imidazoline derivative and central alpha2 receptor stimulator absorbed almost completely after oral administration. Clonidine has antihypertensive, sedative and analgesic effect. It reduces IOP. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that reduce BP, IOP and has sedative effect. Our results suggest that oral clonidine as compared to oral diazepam as premeditation is more appropriate for reduction of IOP and homodynamic stability for patients undergoing cataract surgery under GA.

OBJECTIVE: Although thiopental sodium (Nesdonal) is an almost ideal drug for induction of anesthesia, but it mostly cause hemodynamic changes such as hypotension. The objective of this study is to compare homodynamic effects of thiopental sodium and Midazolam (From Benzodiazepine family) in order to replace it with thiopental when necessary. METHODS:50 patients in AS.AI were divided into two groups (each group 25 persons) randomly subjects in both groups were administered with premeditation with an equal dose per patient's weight. In first group anesthesia was started with thiopental sodium 4-5 mg/kg with succinylcolin and in the second group with midazolam 0.25-0.3 mg/kg with succinylcolin and intubations was done after a given time. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded for both groups at special times and data were compared with each other.FINDINGS: In this study pulse rate of %20 of patients who received thiopental sodium were increased to 20 beats/min. It was 12% for midazolam group the changes (p=0.000)were meaningful. An increase of systolic blood pressure more than 40 mmHg from base after intubations with thiopental sodium in %24 of persons (p =0.011) and 2 min after intubation in %20 persons (P =0.048) were meaningful. There were no such variations in midazolam group. Data shows that any rise or fall in blood pressure and heart rate observed with thiopental sodium is more than that with midazolam. CONCLUSION: Considering this research and the other studies show more record of homodynamic condition of midazolam than thiopental sodium. Therefore, in patients with dangerous homodynamic variations, especially decreasing of blood pressure only induction with midazolam or a combination of midazolam and thiopental (for rapid onest action) as co-induction is useful.

Molecular weight determination of proteins especially enzymes are the most routine and popular method in Enzmology. For molecular weight and its subunits determination, a homogenous wistar Rat Brain was prepared in a phosphate buffer. After centrifugation, supernatant which contained, "soluble Enzyme" was isolated. The second stage, pellet was brought to the original volume with phosphate buffer contained Triton X-100 with a certain concentration.After second Centrifugation in a certain RPM, the supernatant which is called "detergent soluble Enzyme" was isolated. At the same time Sucrose Gradient in the plastic tubes were prepared and applied on to the top Gradient and centrifused for over night. The next day all plastic tubes were put on the stand and samples were prepared through a small hole made in the buttom of this plastic tubes and finally the Enzyme activity were determined.

It is common to use muscle relaxants, such as succinyl choline to produce muscle relaxation during tracheal intubation.Based on some new researches alfentanyl was reported to be used without succinyl choline for tracheal intubation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of tracheal intubation during general anesthesia with alfentanyl in order to see whether it can be used as a substitution for succinyle choline when this drug is contraindicated or not available. For this purpose 132 patients in ASA I & II physical condition were divided randomly into case and control groups for evaluation of the quality of intubation. In control group sodium thiopenthal 5 mg/kg and succinyle choline 1.5mg/kg, while in case group sodium thiopenthal 5 mg/kg as well as alfentanyl 20mg/kg were used Intravenously. The results were assesd by using chi-square formula.Laryngoscopic qualification such as mandibular (jaw) relaxation, coughing condition, limb movement and ease of laryngoscopy showed no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The only differing parameter was the position of vocal cords (P<0.0018) which was more acceptable in control group using, succinly choline.

Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the effective treatments for depressive and maniac patients. Mortality rate of ECT is 3 in 10000, and is mostly due to cardiac arrhythmia caused by ECT. In this study the effect of lidocain on the prevention of the arrhythmia was examined. The experiment was performed on 400 psychiatric patients susceptible for ECT, in anesthesiology department of Kashany hospital, Shahrekord. Patients were divided into two matched (with respect to sex, age and so on), control and case groups. The case group received lidocain injection (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 90 seconds prior to ECT. Prevalence of any type of arrhythmia was %19.5 in the case group while it was %34.5 in the control group. Therefore injection .of lidocain prior to ECT may be useful for prevention of cardiac arrhythmia during ECT.

Background. Administration of alfentanil followed by propofol intravenously (IV) without neuromuscular blockage for induction of anesthesia provides adaquate conditions for tracheal intubation. Other hypnotic drugs have not been thoroughly investigated in this regard. The aim of the present study was comparison of intubation conditions and hemodynamic responses of anesthesia induction with alfentanil/midazolam, alfentanil/Na thiopental and alfentanil/ ketamine. Methods. In a clinical trial study one hundred and twenty children were randomly allocated to  four groups. Medication in these groups were alfentanil 40 µg/kg+ midazolam 200 µg/kg,alfentanil 40 µg/kg+Na thiopental 6 µg/kg, alfentanil 40 µg/kg+ketamin 2 mg/kg & Na thipental 6 mg/kg+suxamethonium 2 mg/kg (as control group). In all patients the ease of ventilation via face mask, jaw mobility, degree of exposure and position of vocal cords, patient's response to tracheal intubation, duration of time was needed for intubation and hemodynamic  changes after intubation were assessed and recorded.Findings. There are significant differences between first three groups (interventional groups) for jaw mebility, ventilation, vocal cord visuality, vocal cord position, patient movement during laryngoscopy and mean laryngoscopy time, (P < 0.05). There is significant difference between all groups of nesdonal+alfentanil except for patient movement. There is significant difference between mean SBP and PR before and after intubation in first and third group.Conclusion. Results represent that the group of Alfentanil plus Nesdonal had a better quality of ventilation rather than two other groups. It is recommended that administration of alfentanil plus thiopental combination is preferred in cases that using muscle relaxant is contraindicated.