The safe movement of the rail rolling stock is not possible without train control systems. Train control systems ensure safety somehow and they play a vital role in increasing the speed and the capacity of the transport; So that, the failure of the whole or part of it can cause safety disruption, reduce productivity and increase line blockage. Due to the fact that all train control telecommunication services are based on optical transmission networks, the interruption of these networks will cause the interruption of all train control services and as a result, the line will be blocked. Therefore, evaluating and improving the sustainability of the optical transmission infrastructure is essential. In this research, in order to predict the number of the blockages due to the disruption of the transmission infrastructure, the rail transmission network is evaluated in two stages. In the first stage, the paRAMeters of Availability, Reliability and Maintenance (RAM) of the railway transmission network are evaluated, and are simulated using the Monte Carlo method. In the second phase, the RAM mechanism is simulated again by implementing a network failure repair reduction model. In both stages, the probability of the shutdown of the railway telecommunication network, the numbers of blocked lines have been obtained. Predicting the number of network outages and rail line blockages due to the interruption of train control services has been conducted for the first time in research. The results of this study showed that a 10% reduction in network repair time led to a three-and-a-half-fold increase in RAM levels and a 70% reduction in line blockage. These results will be of great value in increasing system efficiency as well as the satisfaction of the users.

Perhaps among the ancient literary works of India, the epics of RAMayana and Mahabharata are more significant and are the main pillars of the country’s epic literature. This epic narrates RAMa’s life, the beloved Dasaratha’s son, Kosala land’s king, in exile with his wife Sita. These two paintings are recalled as symbols of purity and happiness in Hindu tradition. Rajasthani artists have depicted a painting of the wedding ceremony of RAMa and Sita, which possesses the main characteristics of Hindu art, namely an emphasv is on the symbolic use of colors. This study aims to analyze the symbols and features used in this painting. The study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The painters of the present work used colors to enhance the clarity of the images and have shown special attention to their symbolism. Each color has been used according to its identity, and elements such as building architecture and the arrangement of figures have been precisely positioned in the painting. The decorations and other components presented in this painting have adhered to specific principles for proper composition, guiding the viewer’s eye, and maintaining the positions of the characters. The overall composition of the painting is designed to reflect the customs and traditions of wedding ceremonies in India.

Introduction and Objective: Results of different studies show that a relatively large number of healthcare services offered are inappropriate or unnecessary. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of the prostate gland. Clinical features of this disease are one of the most common problems encountered by elderly males. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study which was conducted in 2008-9, in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the RAN/UCLA method was used, which was designed in 1980 by the RAND institute and the University of California in Los Angeles. Regarding the stages of our method, scenarios and indications for benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery were chosen from the latest approved scientific resources and subsequently sent to urology specialists, who were chosen as members of the specialized panel. Panel members gave scores ranging from 1 to 9 to each indication and scenario based on scientific resources, clinical experiences and patient’s condition in two separate panel sessions. After compilation, the indications were finally grouped as appropriate, equivocal, and inappropriate so that they could be used to determine appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery in hospitals. In this study, the most suitable and most approved clinical guidelines related to benign prostatic hyperplasia, the Guidelines Evaluation and Research Appraisal (AGREE) were used.The selected guidelines were used as scientific resources for choosing the indications of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. SPSS version 16 and kappa weighted value were used in analysis process of the study.Results: Out of 282 scenarios grouped as 9 conditions related to benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery, which were extracted from scientific sources, 73 cases (25.9%) were considered as appropriate, 14 cases (5%) as equivocal and 7 cases (2.5%) were considered as inappropriate. Also 22 cases (7.8%) were considered as appropriate indications for drug therapy and none were found to be suitable for waiting and watching. There were 94 scenarios related to surgery that 75 scenarios (80%) were grouped in appropriate and 8 scenarios (8.5%) identified inappropriate.Conclusion: At the present time, due to the lack of scientific evidence for suitable decision-making in providing health services, methods based upon agreement, including the one used in the present study, and the use of treatment standards derived from similar studies, are amongst the most important measures taken to improve the standard of health, provide suitable health services, and to reduce unnecessary costs. In addition, RAM appropriateness method could be an ideal method in determining the appropriateness of health care and in reducing the rate of inappropriate services provided. The similarity of results derived from other studies performed by the RAND method in determining the appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment with the current study shows the validity and reliability of this method.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the protective effect of nano-hydroxyapatite against freezing damages on spermatozoa using five RAMs. Ejaculates (N=30) were collected with three-day intervals between sessions for six times. Ejaculates were pooled and split into 12 parts at each session. The amount of 0. 01, 0. 02, 0. 05 or 0. 1% nano-hydroxyapatite and 3, 5 or 7% glycerol were added. Samples were frozen and stored for two weeks. After that two straws from each treatment for each replication (totally 144 straws) were thawed and incubated at 37 ° C for 6 h. Sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 h after thawing. Results showed that there was no interaction between nano-hydroxyapatite, glycerol and incubation time (P>0. 05). Sperm viability and acrosome integrity were not affected by different levels of nanohydroxyapatite particles (P>0. 05). There was no difference between the level of 0. 01 and 0. 1% nanohydroxyapatite particles on the total (21. 8 and 21. 5%, respectively) and progressive sperm motility (17. 8 and 17. 7 %, respectively; P>0. 05). Total and progressive sperm motility was the highest (24. 8 and 21. 0%, respectively) in the level of 0. 02% nano-hydroxyapatite particles (P<0. 05). Membrane integrity was higher in the level of 0. 02% nano-hydroxyapatite particles (52. 7%) than other levels (P<0. 05). Therefore, the addition of 0. 02% nano-hydroxyapatite particles to the RAM semen extender improved the quality of frozen spermatozoa.

Leptin is secreted mainly by fat, which is involved in energy metabolism and reproduction. Leptin and its receptor (Ob-R) have been detected in human spermatozoa and testis, thus it can be concluded leptin involves in male physiology. The goal of this study was determination of the presence of leptin receptor mRNA in the RAM testis, epididymis and spermatozoa by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Ejaculated spermatozoa from ten fertile Taleshi RAM were collected by means of an artificial vagina. Testes, placental cotyledons and adrenal glands were obtained from abattoir. Placental cotyledons and adrenal glands were used as the positive control. Epididymal spermatozoa recovery was performed from epididymis. To purify spermatozoa, motile sperm were isolated by the swim-up procedure. Total RNA was isolated from epididymal spermatozoa, ejaculated spermatozoa, adrenal gland and placental cotyledon and then they were purified. The mRNA for the long form (Ob-Rb) and the short form (Ob-Ra) of leptin receptor was detected in testis. RT-PCR analysis of total RNA from epididymal spermatozoa and ejaculated spermatozoa revealed the presence of leptin mRNA in these cells. The mRNA for Ob-Rb was observed in epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa, but the Ob-Ra mRNA was absent. The presence of Ob-Ra mRNA was found in ejaculated spermatozoa, whereas Ob-Rb mRNA did not exist. It can be concluded that the mRNA for leptin receptor is present in RAM gonads and spermatozoa.

Process migration is critical to dynamic balancing of workloads on cluster nodes in any high performance computing cluster to achieve high overall throughput and performance. Most existing process migration mechanisms are however unsuccessful in achieving this goal proper because they either allow once-only migration of processes or have complex implementations of address space transfer that degrade process migration performance. We propose a new process migration mechanism for HPC clusters that allows multiple migrations of each process by using the network RAM feature of clusters to transfer the address spaces of processes upon their multiple migrations. We show experimentally that the superiority of our proposed mechanism in attaining higher performance compared to existing comparable mechanisms is due to effective management of residual data dependencies.

Anand RAM Mukhlis, Persian poet and author of the 12th century AH, was born in Sodhra, Sialkot district of Lahore. He followed his master, Bidel in poetry and although he was one ofhis best students, there is not the complexity of Bidel’s poetry in his poems. His prose style has been known to be of sobriety and Simplicity So that he is considered as one of the best writers of the time.‘Hengame-yeEshgh’is a romance story in prose written by Mukhlis in 1152 AH. It is a free translation of the ancient Indian legend, ‘Padmavat’ written by Malek Mohammad Jayesi.Mukhlis’ prose in ‘Hengame-ye Eshgh’ is poetic and beautiful. In the present article, ‘Hengame-yeEshgh’manuscript and its author are introduced.

During the month of RAMadan, epileptic patients frequently ask for fasting and medication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in seizures frequency and to determine possible causes in this month. Between 1997-2000, during the months of RAMadan, 124 patients (76 male and 48 female) with idiopathic epilepsy in Isfahan university of medical sciences (Isfahan-Iran) were included in this prospective study Epilepsy occurred in 27 patients Status epileptics were seen in three of them. 20 patients didn't, t use any anti epileptic drugs from dawn to sunset. Lack of sleep and insufficient consumption of nutrient were the other important predisposing factors. In conclusion, fasting de novo has not any effect on seizures, and there are several reports that seizures decrease after fasting Slow release antiepileptic drugs highly recommenced for epileptic patients. Drug withdrawal is the most important causes of epilepsy recurrence in RAMadan.

The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemical positioning of ghrelin in testicular and epididymis tissues of Kurdish RAM. Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide is an important factor involved in most of the metabolic and hormonal signals which adapt the reproductive functions in conditions of altered energy balance. This study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular and epididymis tissues of Kurdish RAM, using mouse monoclonal anti ghrelin antibody as primary antibody and polyclonal donkey anti IgG Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) antibody as secondary antibody. Samples of testis collected from three native male sheep aged of 1.5 to 2 years old, and preserved in 10% formalin for posterior inclusion in paraffin. Histological sections with 5 micron in thickness were prepared for IHC. Immunoreactions was assessed for Germ cells, Leydig and Sertoli cells and head of epididymis. It is believed that the site of ghrelin expression in the spermatogenesis process, Leydig, sertoli cells and head of epididymis may indicate its role in local (autocrine / paracrine) regulations. This is one of the first studies to provide molecular evidence for the presence of ghrelin within the entire testicular and epididymis tissues of RAM.

Background: Cryopreservation of RAM semen is a very challenging process. Loss of motility during freezing does not allow artificial insemination of RAMs. Aims: This study aimed to determine whether the inclusion of liquid propolis extract in semen diluents affects the cryopreservation efficiency of RAM semen. Methods: Six AkkaRAMan breed RAMs were considered for semen study. Semens were combined with Tris+egg yolk extender containing and without (control) propolis at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, 2%, and 4%). Semen was frozen using routine RAM semen freezing procedures. After thawing, motility and kinematic paRAMeters were analyzed by computer assisted semen analysis (CASA), and viability, acrosomal damage level and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow-cytometer in all groups. Additionally, fatty acid levels in total semen were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), and vitamin and cholesterol levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, oxidative stress, HOS test, and morphological analyzes were performed after freezing and thawing. Results: The 0.5% propolis group showed a significant increase in total and rapid motility, LIN, membrane integrity, and antioxidant levels compared to the control, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and low mitochondrial membrane potential (LMMP) levels. Compared to the control, the group containing 4% propolis damaged spermatozoa and caused a significant decrease in total, progressive and rapid motility and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) levels. Conclusion: We showed that adding 0.5% propolis to semen extenders to increase the freezability level of RAM semen increases the survival of spermatozoa after freeze-thaw and ensures the success of freezing.