In this paper we investigated effect of economic uncertainty on money demand function of IRAN during(1352-1386).At first by using a general equilibrium theory it is shown that in spite of the existence of economic uncertainties, most of agents who are risk-averse consider these uncertainties when constitute their portfolio. They consider money demand is a function of income, interest rate and an Economy Uncertainty Index (EUI).In this study, we constituted a EUI by using of ARCH/GARCH models and this index is consist of volatilities of some variables that effect on money demand of IRAN. These variables are: exchange rate, interest rates, inflation, stock market and GDP. After constituting an EUI and entering it in money demand function, we estimated money demand function by ARDL approach. Results show that increasing economic uncertainty leades to decreasing money demand in Iran.

Oxygenated additives are added to the base gasoline for such purposes like increase in Octane Number, improvement of engine performance and decease in exhaust emissions. In Iran, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) is used as an additive to the base gasoline. Due to the destructive environmental effects of the mentioned material, our country, the same as other developed countries, should seek to use a replacement for the mentioned additive. The combination of the base gasoline and fuel additives has such limitations like increase in the quantity of (Volatility), the reid vapor pressure (RVP) and decrease in calorific value of the fuel obtained. In this research, Ethanol, Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA) and Metyl Tertiary Butyl Ether, in the volumetric ratios of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20, are blended with the base gasoline of Tehran Oil Refinery Company (TORC). The behavior of (Volatility) of the obtained fuel has been investigated based on ASTM standards. The results obtained from the done investigation reveal that in case of using Ethanol as a fuel additive, certain changes should be made in the formulation of base gasoline. The mentioned combination has an undesirable effect on the other characteristics of fuel such as Octane Number. Addition of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol to gasoline shall result in trivial increase in the reid vapor pressure. Consequently, there will be no need for the replacement of light straight run gasoline (LSRG) compounds with heavier compounds in order to decrease the reid vapor pressure.

Money is viewed as a cash asset with special characteristics. Like other financial assets, demand for money is a part of portfolio selection process in which individuals' wealth is allocated to among various assets based on their rates of return and risks. However, empirical settings of money demand function is important from the point of the view of monetary policy. Therefore, the specification of the determinants of money demand and its functional form are crucial.The main aim of this study is to examine the determinants of demand for and velocity of money in both theoretical and empirical aspects emphasizing the function of stock market (Volatility). It is well known that during the process of economic decisions and policy making there must be numerical and exact indices to assess the effects of the relevant variables and indicators on the dependent variables. In this study, the (Volatility) of stock market is included in the models as a proxy for market risk. ARDL approach is employed to estimate the specified models. Moreover, the stability of the coefficients is tested using CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests. Seasonal data are used to estimate the model. The data set is used covers the period 1992- 2007.The results of this study show that when the narrow definition of money (M1) is used in the model, there is a long run relation among the variables included in the model. The estimated coefficients of real income and inflation are statistically significant and the signs of the parameters are consistent with the theory. However, the coefficients of free market exchange rate and the (Volatility) of stock market are not statistically significant. The results of stability tests indicate that the estimated coefficients are stable over the period 1992 -2007.

In the last few decades, world financial markets have faced numerous volatilities and fluctuations. As a result active economic agents have become more interested in how to understand and foresee this fluctuation. Forecasting developments of the oil market has become ever more important after the oil crisis of the 1970s. The objective was to reduce the potential risk of such fluctuations by having advance knowledge of expected changes. Review of time series data of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) prices indicate the presence of clustering (Volatility), can not be ignored in furcating. This has led us to focus in this study on the forecasting (Volatility) of crud oil prices. We have used ARCH models to evaluate statistical errors of forecasts. The study results indicate continuous effect of shocks on conditional variance of crude oil prices. Future (Volatility) of crude oil prices is dependent on oil price changes in the past. GARCH and TGARCH models perform better than other models of conditional variance in forecasting (Volatility) of crude oil prices.

Dairy beverages have low pH and after period of time casein curb separated from serum. In this research, Guar gum was added at 0.08, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% to prevent serum separation and thus reducing (Volatility) of essential oils. In order to investigate the effect of different levels of added hydrocolloid, the quantity of serum separation, pH and organoleptic were evaluated weekly for a month. The rheological properties of the sample were also measured a week after production. The obtained results demonstrated that adding hydrocolloid reduces the (Volatility) of added essential oils due to its effect on viscosity and Prevention on serum separation. For that reason, generally, appraiser group preferred treatments containing.10 and.15 of hydrocolloid to control the sample.The investigation of rheological properties also demonstrated that the viscosity of all treatments reduces with increase in shear rate.  

This paper suggests a composed option pricing model based on black-scholes and binomial tree models. So at first this two models are presented and analyzed. Then we showed black-scholes model is an appropriate option pricing model for stocks with low (Volatility) and binomial trees model is an appropriate option pricing model for stocks with high (Volatility). Suggested model is a composed model of black-scholes and binomial tree models and (Volatility) is used as selecting model factor. To determine (Volatility) limit quantity, we calculated average (Volatility) of Iran Stock Exchange. For this calculating we selected 32 stocks in two period of time. At the end of paper, suggested model is validated by 2 methods and it’s validity is approved by both of them.