When cities grow rapidly due to various factors such as changing economic, political or social roles, they undergo many changes in their spatial s tructure. This phenomenon, especially in recent decades because of the uncontrolled growth of urban population and increasing migration to cities is more visible in the cities of Iran in compare with the pas t. In this process, cities are affected by multifaceted factors of urban growth and in a short time, natural areas become urban lands. Meanwhile, some factors such as population growth rate, urban road network, land usage change, government policies and market trends have a greater impact on the shape and extent of these changes. The occurrence of urban growth and its consequences have wide dimensions, the increase of medium and large cities and the spatial impact of urban growth on the surrounding lands is one of the important issues in the analysis of current urban issues. Because no attention to the unplanned growth of these cities in the near horizon will lead to the transformation of medium-sized cities into large cities. Therefore, s tudying urban growth and explaining the factors affecting help to identify and unders tand the process of urban development and tes t exis ting urban theories. The purpose of this article is identifying these factors and assessing the amount of impact of each of them in the process of urban growth through considering Bojnoord samples that had significant growth in recent years. In this regard, by reviewing the theoretical concepts related to urban growth, the factors affecting urban development was codified, so to be used as a framework for analysis of the factors influencing the growth of Bojnoord. Then quantitatively is rated with the help of GIS and measurable relevant functions layers. Some of the mos t important factors are; population density, roads density, number of amenities, dis tance from the town center, the development of single-family homes, faults, slope, etc. Then, from among the various methods of measurement and quantitative assessment F’ ANP keeps all the capabilities of factor analysis, because F’ ANP manages to use the capability of factor analysis in converting subject to specified dimensions and determining the relationship between indicators. Since the relationship between these extracted dimensions is objective, there is no problems arising from subjective judgments and there is no effect on the results of research. The results showed that the mos t important factors in growth of Bojnoord City were; tendency to single-family homes and large-scale land, the dis tance from the city center, the net density of the population, accordance with the desire of the city, commercial density, number of amenities, roads and population density respectively. Therefore, "density factor" indicators can be considered as the mos t important factors in the growth of Bojnoord city. On the other hand, the spatial s tudy of these factors in the map of Bojnoord shows that the greates t concentration of these factors has been in the northwes t (towards Goles tan) and northeas t of the city (towards Mashhad) in Bojnoord, which ultimately leads to the spatial form of continuous expansion of Bojnoord.

In a world where change is both permanent and inevitable, it is very important to adapt heritage buildings to today’, s functions within the context of conservation methods in order to ensure their continuity. Buildings that are considered to be part of cultural heritage often undergo functional and physical changes over time with regards to their status and appearance. In case these buildings become unable to meet their original use over time, or in cases their relevant function becomes inappropriate in the current situation, it becomes necessary to make spatial changes within their structure. Towards revitalizing and generating sustainable values of these buildings, many heritage buildings of cultural and historic significance are being adapted and reused rather than being demolished. To ensure the conservation of cultural properties, cultural heritages, and their historical, cultural, and aesthetic values, as well as to ensure the continuity of the cultural link between the past and the future, it is important to consider their potential new uses and functions. Today, the adaptive reuse is considered as one of the main strategies for conserving architectural heritage in theoretical and practical discussions of conservation. This process generally refers to conservation of heritage buildings without transforming them for new uses and more appropriate functions, while keeping their original structure, character, and identity for future generations. Adaptive reuse is an important aspect of preservation and conservation, and involves the reintegration of a historical structure into daily life through a new function. Using buildings outside of their original intended purpose, and benefiting from these buildings by providing them with new functions through which they can service society, contributes to the interaction between individuals, the buildings and society. Adaptive reuse can provide the added benefit of regenerating an area in a sustainable manner. However, it is also necessary to find the proper balance between the preservation of a cultural property and the change of its functions. There is always a need for learning from past experiences, evaluating the mistakes and successes after adaptation and reuse,and due to the significance of a comprehensive view and an integrated approach in assessing reuse projects, it is necessary to identify comprehensive indices with relative weight and importance. Hence, with a mixed methodological approach, this paper tries to achieve a full understanding of adaptive reuse indices by reviewing literature review and international documents in this field and then provides the evaluation model for adaptive reuse of heritage houses in Tehran. Therefore, 19 indicators derived from adaptive reuse are divided by F’, ANP to the forming dimensions and then their relative significance is determined through the network analysis process. The results of this study demonstrate that 4 criteria of "enhancing economic structure", "socio-cultural development", "physical sustainability", and "environmental considerations" have had the greatest impact on adaptive reuse of Tehran heritage buildings and the regional characteristics index is of the highest significance in assessment. Following these indices, the environmental considerations, physical potential for functional change, creating employment opportunities, conservation measures, tourism development, and cultural preservation are the subsequent priorities.

Evaluation and analysis methods help to have a better understanding of the collected information and the results of the analysis of the research. Factor analysis (FA) is a multicriteria analysis that can be used to convert a large number of obtained criterias into a limited number of factors and then it can calculate and interprete on them. Analytic Network process (ANP) is also a multi-criteria evaluation method that allows data to be analyzed easily due to the simplicity of calculations, but this method has limitations in use due to its subjective ranking. Using the advantages of both methods, the F'ANP model makes it possible to first break down the constituent dimensions into components by using of factors analysis (FA) and then prioritize the dimensions and elements using Analytic Network Process (ANP). The F’, ANP model was introduced in 2013 by Esfandiar Zabrdast to construct a composite index to determine the degree of social vulnerability to earthquakes and to minimize the shortcomings of conventional methods of composite index construction. The present study is applying in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this research, First, three methods which includes Factor analysis (FA), Analytic network process (ANP) and F'ANP, are introduced, and then a research which entitled "Evaluation of Mehr housing policies in Iran and providing solutions to improve it", which was previously analyzed by the authors using Factor analysis (FA), is re-analyzed by ANP and F'ANP methods to compare the results and then express the strengths and weaknesses points of each one. And Finally, a model will be introduced for the optimal use of these methods in various urban problems. The model is explained to indicate FA, ANP and F'ANP's priority in solving different urban problems. According to the results of the research, when the purpose is to determine the effective criteria and indicators of the research topic or when the purpose is: analyzing the relationship between the indicators of a topic, FA is a good choice (As an example,Explaining the key criterias of the process of formation of place’, s identity in new urban development). If the purpose of the research is to prioritize or rank the options according to the indicators and factors affecting them or to compare two categories of the same gender according to the indicators which affecting it, it is better to use The Analytic Network Process (As an example,sustainable residential complexes location). And finally F’, ANP method can be used in researches in which at first we search to identify indicators and criteria and then prioritizes options (As an example,Evaluation and analysis of physical resilience in an area of Tehran against earthquakes) and for making composit criterias. The comparison of the results shows that the obtained factors and indicators are almost the same and only their priority is different after analyzing with three different methods. According to the research it can be said that the lack of knowledge about the existence of the F’, ANP method is the reason for less acceptance of it.

This study focuses on optimizing vendor selection in laser cutting services through a comprehensive evaluation framework integrating the Vendor Performance Indicator (VPI) and the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (F-ANP). The methodology quantifies vendor performance across five key criteria: quality, cost, delivery, flexibility, and responsiveness. The results indicate that product quality (39.7%) and cost efficiency (41.4%) are the most influential factors in vendor selection. Sensitivity analysis reveals that a 10% increase in quality consistency improves overall vendor ranking stability by 15%, while cost variations above 8% significantly affect final rankings. The study recommends implementing performance-based contracts, quality assurance protocols, and digital supply chain solutions to enhance vendor assessments. Collaborative partnerships with top-performing vendors can yield mutual benefits and foster sustainable practices, aligning with the company's resilience and operational excellence objectives.

Background and Objective: Tissues that have been formed in the past and throughout a long process have been gradually weakened with the growth urbanization and urban development. On the other hand, the impacts of the immense growth of urban populations have led to a dispersed growth and the emergence of the marginalization phenomenon, having resulted in its own distinct problems. Yet, it is well-agree that the urban areas are the best option for urban development due to their existing infrastructure and urban amenities. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to locate these lands in the eroded urban fabrics of the Avini neighborhood by compiling the criteria and indices from theoretical texts and practical experiences to identify the lands susceptible to internal development. Method: In this regard, in order to reach a conceptual understanding and expert knowledge concerning the features of the lands susceptible to internal development, a questionnaire based on the theoretical framework was developed and completed by the urban planning experts on the one hand, the research method in this paper is, an F'ANP analytical method which is a combination of the functional analytical methods and the ANP; on the other hand, it is a secondary analysis of the location of the land susceptible to the development of an endogenous GIS. Findings: The findings of this study acknowledged that among all the factors affecting the identification of the lands susceptible to internal development in the Shahid Avini neighborhood, the performance criteria, and the accessibility and the related indicators attained the highest priority and prominence in locating these lands. Furthermore, a number of the parts related to the brownfields and the workshop located in the north and northeast areas of the neighborhood had a higher priority compared to the other parts to carry out the process of endogenous development with a weight between six and nine. Discussion and Conclusion: In line with the results of this study, among all the factors affecting the identification of the lands susceptible to internal development in Shahid Avini neighborhood, performance criteria and access and related indicators have the highest priority and importance in locating these lands. In addition, parts with barren use and production-workshop located in the northern and northeastern parts of the neighborhood, with a spatial weight between six to nine, have a higher priority than other parts to perform the process of internal development.

Rural-urban linkages include all economic, social, cultural and technological relations between urban and rural settlements. Disregarding of these relations in the regional developmental plans has led to inequity. In the context of explaining the relations between the urban and the rural, various views have been raised, including the center-periphery relations, the growth pole and etc. In most of these theories, the development of rural areas is dominated by urbans. However, in the regional network view, unlike other perspectives, rural areas, like urban areas, play an active role in a network of linkages for regional development according to their potentials and needs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structures affecting rural-urban links based on the regional network approach in Anzal region of urmia. Therefore, with reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature, the effective indicators in rural-urban links were extracted and analysed using the F'ANP model, the combination of factor and network analysis, and AHP model, hierarchy analysis. AHP analysis was performed using questionnaire tool based on expert opinions and F'ANP analysis was based on data in databases. According to the results of F'ANP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0. 157, social cohesion with coefficient of 0. 086 and migration rate with coefficient of 0. 086 and also based on the results of AHP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0/271, literacy rate with coefficient of 0. 93 and the level of technology with coefficient of 0. 072 were the most important factors affecting rural-urban links.

INTRODUCTION: The approach of the sustainable development as a framework for the analysis of the sustainability of rural settlements has received high value and credit. Here, achieving sustainable development without proper measuring, interpreting and explaining is of no significance. One of the necessary foundation for proper planning is to have knowledge of the capabilities and position of different regions in terms of the level of development and sustainability. Having knowledge of changes in sustainable development and knowing its structure, dimensions and spatial expansion in rural areas are considered as critical parameters for appropriate decision making and planning. In this regard, the easiest form of studying in the field of rural sustainable development from the geographical viewpoint is to study the spatial distribution of significant factors. Accordingly, the present study is to analyze and measure the spatial levels of rural settlements located in Qom province. Sustainability assessment has helped define the goals of sustainable development and progress assessment in order to achieve these them and is considered as part of the process of measuring the impact of different aspects of sustainable development. The sustainability assessment is the most significant tool in changing conditions for the sustainable development. The objective of sustainability measurement is to provide a general outline of the sustainability situation at the space level, which can be extended from the range of complete sustainability to the unsustainability, and ultimately provide areas for identifying the factors that contribute to sustainability. Regarding sustainability measurement, there are no fixed and definite indicators, and, according to conditions of different countries and time periods, certain indicators have been used to measure sustainability. The modern era of evaluation and measurement of sustainability began in the late 1940s, and with its generalization, net national product (NNP) and gross national product (GNP), GDP were defined as general indicators of sustainability. Finally, in 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) recommended that countries pay attention to the issue of sustainable development on the economic, social and environmental dimensions, simultaneously. Materials and Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of research. The statistical population of the study includes inhabited villages of Qom province. The required data are obtained by documentary method using data of the census on population and housing, culture of the Qom provinces, as well as with the reference to some government agencies and organizations. For weighing the indicators of the research the F'ANP model has been utilized; by using the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method VIKOR indicators were integrated and the final indicator of development was determined. Determining the spatial pattern of sustainable development was conducted by cluster analysis method using ARC GIS software; linear regression was utilized to measure the effective factors in the final indicator of development. Besides, EXCEL, SPSS and MATLAB software were used as analysis tools. Results and discussions: In this research, the weighing of indicators in the study was conducted using the F'ANP model. The final weight of the indicators derived from the F'ANP model showed that the percentages of literate population, literacy of men and literacy of women were 7. 9, 6. 72 and 6. 69, respectively. It also shows that the highest weight and dependency ratio, the population growth rate and the percentage of agricultural workers to all employees were 2. 85%, 3. 8% and 3. 16%, respectively, and had the lowest weight among the 23 indicators in the study. After weighing, indicators were combined using VIKOR technique. Finally, according to VIKOR scores, the villages under the study were ranked in four categories in terms of sustainable development levels by the cluster analysis method using in the GIS software. in the first category, the sustainable villages, there are 120 villages, in the second category, fairly sustainable villages, there are 37 villages, in the third category, villages with low sustainability, there are 8 villages and in the fourth category, the unsustainable villages, there are 15 villages. The results of regression analysis also showed that "literacy level" had the highest effect and "income level" had the least effect on the sustainability level of villages under the study. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that although the villages of Qom province compared to each other enjoy the sustainable level, this sustainability is not integrated. In other words, the sustainability of villages is not the same in all the indicators. This situation reflects the imperfect dynamics of the provincial settlement system in the province. Despite that, this province has a special political and religious status in the country. From the spatial aspect, the sustainability level of the province has followed a pattern indicative of (relative) spatial equality. This research also demonstrates the effectiveness of the F'ANP model in geographical studies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of research. The statistical population of the study includes inhabited villages of Qom province. For weighing the indicators of the research the F'ANP model has been utilized; by using the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method VIKOR indicators were integrated and the final indicator of development was determined. Determining the spatial pattern of sustainable development was conducted by cluster analysis method using ARC GIS software; linear regression was utilized to measure the effective factors in the final indicator of development. Besides, EXCEL, SPSS and MATLAB software were used as analysis tools. The results of this study showed that although the villages of Qom province compared to each other enjoy the sustainable level, this sustainability is not integrated. In other words, the sustainability of villages is not the same in all the indicators. This situation reflects the imperfect dynamics of the provincial settlement system in the province. Despite that, this province has a special political and religious status in the country. From the spatial aspect, the sustainability level of the province has followed a pattern indicative of (relative) spatial equality. This research also demonstrates the effectiveness of the F'ANP model in geographical studies.