Aims Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in modern societies. The disease is associated with the lack of physical activity and the expression of some genes involved in blood cholesterol transportation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters G5/G8) ABCG5 and ABCG8) is the expression of adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein genes 5 and 8, a member of the ABC transporter family, playing a crucial role in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoproteins metabolism. The action of ABCG5/8 is to remove cholesterol and decrease its toxicity. The increased activity of these two factors may prevent atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on ABCG5 and ABCG8 gene expression in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods & Materials The research population included 30 men voluntarily selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group had no exercise. The blood samples were taken 48 hours before the beginning of the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects were fasting. Semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. To analyze the data, independent and paired t tests were used at the significant level of 0. 05 in SPSS software, version 21. Findings The present study results showed that the aerobic resistance training group experienced a significant increase in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes as a result of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training compared to the control group. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it is possible to suggest that aerobic resistance training increases the expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes, and improves the cholesterol transportation process, which may improve recovery of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Atherosclerosis which is the result of cholesterol deposit in coronary arteries is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a process that causes efflux of excess cholesterol in vessels layers and reduces the risk of atherosclerosis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5 and ABCG8) are two membrane cholesterol transporters in hepatocytes and enterocytes that transport cholesterol into the bile and feces. Considering importance of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in RCT and prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerosis, the aim of this review article was to study the ABCG5 and ABCG8 functions, the role of them in heart stroke prevention and the effects of exercise trainings on genes expression of these two substances. Atherosclerosis, exercise, physical activity, RCT, ABCG5 and ABCG8 were used keywords for searching of related articles between years 1990 to 2018 in google scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, SID, science direct and ProQuest databases. 294 articles were found and after precise reading of them, 84 articles were selected for this review article. Overall, considering role of transcription factors LXR/RXR are responsible for regulation of genes involved in cholesterol efflux (ABCA1, ABCG1), cholesterol transport (lipoprotein lipase, CETP), cholesterol transformation to bile acids (CYP7A) and metabolism and excretion of cholesterol into bile or gut lumen, stimulation of them induces elevation of ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes expression. The effect of exercise on these factors is a novel subject that may increase our knowledge to prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective (s): ABC transporters comprise a large family of transmembrane proteins that use the energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to translocate a variety of substrates across biological membranes. All members of the human ABCG subfamily, except for ABCG2, are cholesterol-transporter. The aim of this study was to determine the liver, the small intestine and kidney ABCG5 relative gene expression in response to treadmill-running training in female rats.Materials and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old and 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned to saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), and Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT) groups. Training groups did the exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day for eight weeks (5 days/week). Rats were fed orally, with Baneh extraction and saline for six weeks. The two-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis. ABCG5 relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method.Results: The current findings indicate that the Baneh-treated tissues had significantly lower levels of ABCG5 gene expression in the liver, small intestine, and kidneys (P<0.001, P<0.003, P<0.001, respectively), when compared with saline-treated tissues. However, a higher level of gene expression was observed in exercise groups. A lower level of HDL-c but not triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were found in Baneh-treated animals at rest.Conclusion: Exercise training increases ABCG5 relative gene expression in the liver, small intestine and kidney tissues; therefore exercise training may adjust the reduction of ABCG5 relative gene expression in Baneh-training group.