Background: Although numerous studies have assessed the relation between water intake and obesity, most previous studies were clinical trials that examined the impact of higher intakes of water rather than its habitual intake. In addition previous studies have examined the association with general obesity and limited information on water intake and abdominal obesity are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patterns of water consumption and prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Iranian adults.Method: In a cross-sectional study on 7847 Iranian adults for general obesity and 5980 subjects for abdominal adiposity, required data on anthropometric measures, sociodemographic information and dietary intakes along with physical activity was accumulated through the use of a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data about daily water intake and fluid intake with meals was assessed by a self- administered questionnaire. People could report their fluid intake based on 4 glasses. Daily water consumption war reported based on 8 glasses during the day.Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects who consumed 3-2 glasses of fluids with meals had a 34 percent increased risk for obesity 1.34 (1.04, 1.59), than those who consumed one cup or less. Subjects who were taking more than eight glasses of water a day had a 78 percent increased risk of obesity, than those who consumed fewer than two glasses of water daily 1.78 (2.94, 1.08). Consuming more than four glasses of liquids between meals was associated with increased risk of abdominal obesity 1.99 (1.16, 3.41), compared with consuming a cup of liquid or less. However, this association disappeared after adjustment for confounders (1.65 (0.81, 3.34)).Conclusion: Consuming more water with meals was associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal obesity. Also taking more than eight glasses of water a day, was associated with an increased risk of obesity, compared to less than 2 glasses of water daily.

Background and Aim: Treatment of low-grade glioma (LLG) is one of the problems of neurosurgeon. According to reports, treatment of LGG tumors has been successful with stereotactic brachytherapy (SBT with temporary 125Iodine seeds). Due to the lack of reported experience in our country in this regard, this study was conducted on patients treated in Shohada-Tajrish Hospital between 2004 and 2011.Materials and Methods: This case series was conducted on consecutive patients with diagnosed LGG tumors treated with SBT (125Iodine seeds). Patients follow-up were at least 6 months. Survival of patients was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: During the study period 8 patients (7 male and 1 female) with a mean age of 31.1±10.6 y were treated. One patient died due to respiratory and cardiac problems. The overall survival was 42% and 7 patients were alive by the last follow-up.Conclusion: It seems using SBT (temporary 125Iodine seeds) in the treatment of LGG tumors is acceptable. It is recommended to compare the efficacy of this method in newly diagnosed patients compared with those who did not respond to the previous treatments.

Obesity is a risk Factor of many disease including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and gall blader: It is determined by two important determinants including "body mass index" (BMI) indicating general obesity status and "waist to hip ratio" (WHR) indicating abdominal obesity which is the most dangerous kind of obesity. This study investigates the best way for controlling obesity especially the abdominal one by comparing three groups with low calorie diet, exercise of both with control group.Method: Sixty men, aged 20-50 years old, with BMI of 25-40 (first and second degree of obesity) were selected randomly among those referred to Mobareken Steel Complex Body building Club. They had no history of other diseases and were divided into 4 equal groups. Based on the agreement of all groups, group one was recommended only a low- calorie diet (500 calories/ day). Group two underwent a combined program including an ordinary diet and exercise activity (3 aerobic exercise sessions per week, each lasting 1.5-2 hours). Group three and group four were recommended a low calorie diet as well as exercise, and an ordinary diet (no reduce on calorie), respectively. Group one and group four agreed not to change their physical activity level for three months. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, hip and waist girths were determined at first and repeated 2 times per month for 3 months.Results: Mean BMI reduction in four groups are 2.5:t1, 2±0.8, 4.8±1.3, and 1.1±0.33, respectively. Mean of decreasing WHR in four groups are 0.03±0.01, 0.04±0.02, 0.1l±0.07 and 0.0, respectively. Comparing changes of BMI and WHR in group three with the other groups has a significant difference (P<0.05) and low calorie diet caused to reduce BMI significantly.Conclusion: Comparing different ways for controlling obesity show that low calorie diet is effective in decreasing general obesity. But it's very health- beneficial to consider both exercise and low- calorie diet for controlling abdominal obesity especially being a risk factor for most diseases including CVD.

Background: Overweight and obesity is a worrying issue in the present age and the cause of many chronic non-communicable diseases. Nutritional and non-nutritional factors involved in the development of this health crisis. One of the most important nutritional factors is dietary diversity.Objective: The present study was conducted to report the relationship among dietary diversity score (DDS), obesity and abdominal adiposity among Tehranian young students.Methods: This study was cross-sectional in which, 246 young men, according to the inclusion criteria, were selected. The study was conducted in April 2016. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were conducted according to international standards. For each participant recorded 24-hour recall food and calculated the DDS. Finally, nine food groups were measured for each person. The analysis was adjusted for confounding factors.Findings: The means of BMI and waist circumference were 23.9±3.8 and 88.7±10.6. The probability of obesity decreased with quartiles of DDS (1.00, 0.53, 0.08 and 0.19; P=0.01).Conclusion: The inverse relationship between the DDS and odds ratio of obesity and abdominal obesity was observed in young men. So that by increasing dietary diversity score, the odds ratio of obesity was lower. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm this finding.

Introduction: Studies have shown beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet, for instance, it’s associations with risk of chronic disease. In this study, the associations between of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and obesity and abdominal obesity were evaluated among Tehranian adults, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Materials and Methods: Subjects, whose dietary intake were recorded at baseline, and were followed up for 6.7 years, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, and all subjects received scores between 0 to 10 points, based on the modified Mediterranean diet scales (MDS). The components of MDS were vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish, whole grains, refined grains, dairy, PUFA to SFA ratio, and red to white meat ratio.Results: The mean±SD for age of participants was 36.7±12.3 years; 45.8 and 54.2% were men and women, respectively. After a follow-up period of 6.7 years, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with lower BMI in women (quartile 1: 28.4±0.2 in comparison to quartile 4: 27.7±0.3 kg/m2, P<0.05). After adjustment for BMI, physical activity, and smoking status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with waist circumference in women (quartile 1: 90.1±1.8 in comparison to quartile 4: 89.0±1.9cm, P<0.05). No association was observed between adherence to MDS and BMI or waist circumference, in men.Conclusion: This study showed that in women, adherence to the Mediterranean diet had an inverse relationship with BMI and waist circumference.