Introduction: The purpose of this study was validation of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency with exploratory factor analysis in Iran adolescent's population.Method: Participants were 5884 high school adolescents. The participants were 14-20 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method from 5 Cities in Iran (Uremia, Tehran, Ahwaz, Mashhad and Zanjan).Results: The results showed that 50 item of the questionnaires were loading in 10 factors of Inner Dissatisfaction, Risk behaviors, Non-reliability, Show off, Positive thoughts about substance, Dissatisfaction with family, Low Faith and Spirituality, Deviation from the norm, Self-centered, Risky relationships with friends With factor loadings between.30 and.80. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated in range of.68 to.83.Conclusion: Factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire- adolescents Version (ASQ-AV) was suitable. The ASQ-AV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by adolescents and it is appropriate for both female and male adolescents in clinical, educational and research settings.

The purpose of this study was development and validation of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ) by examining the factor structure and internal consistency in collage student's sample. Participants were 304 single male and female college student. The participants were 19-26 years of age and were chosen using cluster random sampling method. The results showed the factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire Student Version (ASQ-SV) was suitable. The ASQ-SV to have highly reliable measure of addiction susceptibility by college student and it is appropriate for both female and male students in clinical, educational and research settings.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With the advancement of medical care procedures, survival rate of preterm neonates has increased remarkably. In Iran, few studies have assessed the extent and severity of developmental disorders in these infants. This study aimed to evaluate developmental disorders in premature neonates.METHODS: This cohort study was conducted on 270 premature infants born in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran with mean birth weight of 1460±40 grams. Data on pregnancy, parturition and complications during hospitalization were recorded. Moreover, preterm neonates were evaluated in terms of developmental delay at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age based on the Ages and Stages questionnaire (ASQ).FINDINGS: In this study, symptoms of developmental delay were observed in 152 neonates (56%) at six months, 115 neonates (42.7%) at 12 months, 101 infants (37.5%) at 18 months, and 49 neonates (18%) at 24 months. In addition, abnormal development was detected in different areas, including communication (n=21, 7.8%), major movements (n=53, 19.6%), minor movements (n=74, 27.5%), social interactions (n=89, 33%), and problem solving (n=153, 57%). After a two-year follow-up, 27 infants (60%) had asphyxia, 29 (28%) had respiratory distress syndrome, and 20 infants (15%) had developmental disorders.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, about one-sixth of preterm neonates had developmental delay at two years of age. The highest rate of developmental disorders was observed in the area of problem solving, which should be taken into account in neonatal rehabilitation services. On the other hand, appropriate monitoring of neonatal asphyxia and jaundice is likely to reduce the risk of other complications during infancy.

Objectives This study aimed at culturally adapting, validating, and standardizing the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) by implementing a nation-wide cross-sectional methodological study in order to provide a valid and reliable tool for determining the developmental status of Iranian children. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on Iranian children between 1-66 months. The ASQ-3 tool was translated,following that, its face and content validity, as well as the crosscultural adaptation were assessed by 51 specialists and experts in the field of pediatrics and child development. In order to determine the reliability of the ASQ-3 (using Cronbach’s alpha), and cut-off points. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. Results This study was enrolled in 2 phases. The face and content validity, as well as the cultural relevance of the Persian version of ASQ-3 was confirmed using panel of specialists views then researchers investigated 11, 740 children aged 1-66 months in order to evaluate the reliability of the tool. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (reliability) determined for the ASQ-3 and the cut-off points for the ASQ-3 of different age groups and domains were determined by calculating one and two SDs below the mean,the latter represents the main cutoff point, and the interval between the two represents the monitoring zone according to the ASQ-3 technical manual. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the Iranian version of ASQ-3 is valid and reliable,moreover, the cut-off points designated for it can be implemented in the Iranian children community to assess their developmental status.

Background: Premature birth is a principal risk factor for developmental delay in infants. Infants born with a history of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at higher risk of developmental delay and require close monitoring. This study aimed to investigate and compare the developmental status of preterm infants (4-12 months old) with a history of hospitalization in the NICU using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2020 in the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. One hundred preterm infants with a history of hospitalization in the NICU were selected using non-random sampling and were assessed at corrected ages of 4, 8, and 12 months. The data collection tool consisted of demographic information questionnaires and ASQ forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Excel. Results: Of the 100 infants studied, 55% were boys and 45% were girls. The mean birth weight was 65.1480 ± 59.501 grams, and the mean discharge weight was 35.1746 ± 94.335 grams. At 4, 8, and 12 months, 16%, 14%, and 13% of the infants, respectively, had developmental delays in at least one domain. The mean length of hospital stay after birth was 83.35 ± 43.26 days, and the mean gestational age was 84.30 ± 97.20 weeks. These means differed significantly between infants with and without developmental delay in at least one domain at 12 months. Conclusion: The presence of developmental delay in preterm infants with a history of NICU hospitalization increases the number of required interventions for these infants. Therefore, regular developmental assessments are essential in the first year of life to detect developmental delay early and provide timely interventions. Moreover, the continuation of growth and development in these infants should be evaluated.

Background: To provide the validated and standardized form of the Persian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of Iranian children's development.Methods: This was a cross- sectional study. Translation and back-translation, content validity determination, cultural and lingual modifications, pilot study on 100 parents and inter-rater reliability determinations were performed, respectively. The national and final stage was carried out 11000, 4-60 month- old children in selected cities throughout the country in order to determine the validity, standard deviation, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and mean scores points of the test.Results: The reliability, determined by cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.93. The validity determined by factor analysis was satisfactory. The mean scores of Iranian children were identified and compared with those of the normative sample as well as with three other populations of children. The developmental status of Iranian children was higher in the communication, problem-solving and personal-social domains, especially under the age of 24 months, after which their developmental status seems to deteriorate, especially in the motor domains.Conclusion: The Persian version of the ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability for screening developmental disorders in Iran.

Objective: This research was made The purpose of this research was to study to the personal- social developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran city by DDST-II and ASQ and determining to determine the agreement coefficient of two tests.Materials & Methods: Convenient sampling was used. In this study the personal-social developmental status of 197 children 4-60 months old in Tehran city were screened by using ASQ and PDQ (93 girls and 104 boys). Data was were analyzed by SPSS software version 13.Results: By using DDST-II and ASQ, personal-social developmental delay was detected in 11% and 1.5% of children respectively. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST-II and ASQ for Personal social domain was 0.06.Conclusion: In this study, personal-social developmental screening of children showed different results and kappa measure agreement of two tests was weak. For selecting a suitable tool we must consider the psychometric characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicting power) of the tool. This study showed revealed that the results of developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran by using ASQ and PDQ lead to different results. This finding emphasizes the need to comparing compare the results of screening tests with a diagnostic gold standard test.

Objectives Baby walker is a popular device, which parents use for entertainment, keeping infants safe and walking promotion. We aimed to determine whether baby walker usage has any effect on the development using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Materials & Methods We evaluated 107 one-yr-old infants in each baby walker user group and non-users (214 participants) using ASQ test of 12-month in Isfahan health centers for vaccination in 2017. We re-evaluated 168 infants at the age of 18-month using ASQ test of 18-month. The data of these groups were compared. Results Girls use baby walker more frequently (P=0. 02). Baby walker usage was not significantly associated with parent’ s educational state, mother employment, birth rank of infant and delivery method. The starting age of baby walker use was 6. 61 ± 1. 46 months. ASQ results in area of gross movement and fine movement were not significantly different in users and non-users at age 12 and 18 months. Conclusion Most parents believe baby walker can promote earlier walking, but based on current evidence this belief might not be true. Although most studies showed no developmental delay in baby walker users, parents should become aware of their possible negative effects and hazards.