The editors of Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI) would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 37 (2023).

The editors of Pharmaceutical Sciences would like to thank all of our reviewers and particularly our top reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2019. . .

Acknowledgement of Debt when one is healthy would no doubt bring about responsibility of payment. But jurists of the five Islamic sects have different opinions concerning perception of such an acknowledgement when one is in ones mortal illness. This essay embarks on expounding those differences in order to come to a fruitful conclusion.

The editors of Pharmaceutical Sciences would like to thank advisory board, 281 reviewers around the world and particularly our top reviewers who have contributed to the journal in 2020. . .

Abolbarakt was a great thinker who has critical sight on Avicenna. In this article, we try to mark him as a mind theoretician and we will give two evidences which can be considered as his innovations. One is conceptual limit (Hadde-Mafhumi) as an alternative for true limit, and the second is acknowledgment modal instead of modal of proposition. Then we analyze these thoughts and show how they are presented in subsequent logical texts. The theory of conceptual limit as an alternative for true limit (Hadde-Haghighi) is a consequence of our method of naming objects. That is, objects is named according to our knowledge with respect to them, so instead of knowing objects, it may be adequate to know limits of our knowledge and what we recognize from objects. Besides, by accepting acknowledgement modal instead of modal of proposition, we encounter with a new concept in modal logic. However, this theory is not useful, since the introduction of deduction is evident. We note that both theories exist in the heart of Avicenna’ s thoughts, but Abolbarakt use them in the other places.

Meticulously peer-review is the main column of high-quality academic journals. The editorial team of the Archives of Bone and Joint surgery deeply appreciates the reviewers who paid kind attention and spent time to contribute their knowledge and experience to the journal’, s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2022, a total of 140 papers were published in the journal, with a median time to first decision of 75. 92 days and a median time to publication of 54 days...

Background and purpose: Enjoying one third of the average global rainfall, Iran is one of the world’s dry regions. Isfahan province, as an important province in Iran, is not an exemption to this. Hence, the balance between water resources supply and demand in this province should be considered an important approach. Unless the issue of water shortage is understood and acknowledged by community, violence will dominate tolerance and dialogue and the social security of the civil community will be jeopardized. Therefore, water crisis in Isfahan should be acknowledged by community or should considered a social issue to become food for thought.Method: Based on the conventional procedure in the grounded theory method, the present research has presented the results related to the open coding of the data, as well as the selective and central coding. In order to carry out theoretical and background studies, the library method and data collection tools have been used through data collection, statistical, documentary and descriptive sources. Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, the research experts are 13 people who were familiar with the under-study issue.Findings & Conclusion: The attractiveness of the urban center of Isfahan for living and due to factors such as its demographic developments, the weakness in the decision-making and planning system, the imbalance of resources and consumption, water resources abuse, the dangers of drying up “Gav Khooni”, land subsidence, the threat of rural livelihoods, as well as the damage caused by migration in the cities of the province; and the potential of the problem to become a social problem, have all brought about dissatisfaction and the policing and security crisis. Finally, the governance policies along with social movements, have made the life of the river Zayandehroud faced a challenging issue and has led to regional quarrels and its continuation.

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of subliminal presentation of smoking pictures on addiction potential, addiction acknowledgement, and addiction craving. Method: A quasi-experimental research method along with pretest-posttest/ control group design was employed in this study. The statistical population of this research included the male smokers who had presented to Rasht addiction treatment clinics (District one) in 2017. From among them, 40 men were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assign to one experimental group (n=20) and one control group (n=20). The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (Zargar, 2006), Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (Weed et al., 1992), and Drug Craving Scale (Somoza et al., 1995) constituted the data collection instruments. Following the administration of the pretest, smoking pictures were subliminally presented to the experimental group, while the control group was exposed to subliminal neutral color pictures. After completing the task, both groups were subjected to the post-test. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean ranks of addiction craving scores in the experimental group, which means that the rate of craving increased in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in variables of addiction potential and addiction acknowledgement (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the significant effect of subliminal presentation of smoking pictures on addiction craving, the subliminal presentation can be used in clinical settings as a therapeutic and preventive method for reducing addiction craving.