2Background and Aim:  Following genetic defects in cystic fibrosis (CF), mucus accumulation and hypoxic gradients develop in the lungs creating conditions for the anaerobic bacterial colonization. This study investigated the difference between the prevalence of some anaerobic bacteria and antibiotic resistance among healthy and CF groups. Materials and Methods:  In this case-control study, total RNA was extracted from blood samples of 40 GC patients with 29 H. pylori positive samples, and 40 healthy controls with 25 H. pylori positive individuals. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of (HSA)-mir-196 and (HSA)-mir-153. Results:  Statistical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of (HSA)-mir-196 and a significant downregulation of (HSA)-mir-153 in the GC patients with H. pylori infection compared to those without infection and healthy controls. Conclusion:  In-silico analysis demonstrated the association of (HSA)-mir-196 and (HSA)-mir-153 with GC. These miRNAs are potential biomarkers for the GC associated with H. pylori infection and can serve as diagnostic tools for the early detection and may have prognostic value in predicting disease progression. However, further validation in larger cohorts and functional studies are necessary to fully understand their role in the GC development and assess their potential as therapeutic targets

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is pregnancy-related diabetes with vital risks for both mother and the fetus. Molecular studies represent one of the popular approaches for investigating mechanisms associated with the disease nature. One of which is through interaction network analysis via Cytoscape V. 3. 6. 1. Methods: In this study, themicroRNA (miRNA) expression array of GSE98043 from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was retrieved and screened. We identified 12 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs (P 0. 05) and nine target hub-bottleneck genes (disease score > 1) for GDM based on miRNA-target interactions created via plugin ClueGO + Cluepedia + STRING. Results: MiRNA-target information showed that the miRNAs are mostly up-regulated and (HSA)-miR-145-5p and (HSA)-miR-875-5p targets the most genes. Among target genes, IL6, GCG, APOB, and ALB have the highest associations with DE-miRNAs. Gene ontology analysis based on biological processes identification via ClueGO + CluePedia, in addition, showed that target hub-bottlenecks are mainly related to metabolism functions and any changes in this regulatory network could impose fundamental alterations in these processes. Conclusions: It can be concluded that via these introduced miRNAs and their targets, the molecular tests for diagnosis and treatment of GDM can be improved after applying validation approaches.

Background: Placental growth factor is involved in human gastric cancer initiationand progression through stimulating the proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion andmetastasis of cancerous cells. Previous studies indicate that the expression profiles of(HSA)-miR-22-3p, (HSA)-let-7b-3p, (HSA)-miR-451b, and (HSA)-mir-4290 change in MKN-45-derived gastric cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectof PlGF knockdown on (HSA)-miR-22-3p, (HSA)-let-7b-3p, (HSA)-miR-451b, and (HSA)-mir-4290expressions in MKN-45-derived gastric cancer stem-like cells. Methods: We used a non-adhesive culture system to derive the cancer stem-likecells from MKN-45 cells. PlGF gene silencing was performed by PlGF-specificsiRNA. The transcript of PlGF and miRNAs were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Weconducted bioinformatics analyses with the online software programs TargetScan, miRanda, miRWalk, PicTar, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization, andIntegrated Discovery tools to predict miRNAs’ targets and their signaling pathways. Results: (HSA)-let-7b-3p had a 2. 28-fold up-regulation, whereas we observed downregulationof (HSA)-mir-451b (25%), (HSA)-mir-4290 (34%), and (HSA)-mir-22-3p (9%). Bioinformatics analysis results indicated that the miRNA target genes TGF-β , MAPK, and Wnt, and hedgehog signaling pathways contributed to cancer initiation andprogression by influencing different cellular behaviors. Conclusion: We suggest that PlGF signaling may influence miRNA expressionprofiles in MKN-45-derived cancer stem-like cells, which can influence the expressionsof different genes and signaling pathways. However, more empirical studies shoulddetermine the exact effect of PlGF knockdown on the expression of miRNA targetsin cancer stem-like cells to locate their actual gene targets.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment, but some patients use herbal remedies, such as Peiminine from Fritillaria walujewii, for palliative care. Cancer cells can affect the expression of noncoding RNAs, like microRNA, which can then influence the expression of genes. This research aims to study the effects of Peiminine on Doxorubicin cytotoxicity and detect the expression levels of (HSA)-miR-106a-5p and (HSA)-miR-181a-5p in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: AGS cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of Peiminine. An MTT assay was performed to determine the concentration of Peiminine required to prohibit 50% cell growth (IC50) and the cell viability percentage of the AGS cell line. The percentage of AGS cell line apoptosis was determined using acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EtBr). Finally, molecular studies were conducted to compare (HSA)-miR-106a-5p and (HSA)-miR-181a-5p expression in the control and treated groups. Results: According to the study, Peiminine has been found to enhance the cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin, which reduces cell viability and increases apoptosis in the AGS cell line. Furthermore, the study also indicates that the AGS cell line treated with Peiminine shows lower expression of (HSA)-miR-106a-5p and (HSA)-miR-181a-5p compared to the control group that was not treated. Conclusion: Peiminine enhances Doxorubicin’s effectiveness, inhibits AGS cell line growth, and reduces miRNA expression. Further research is needed for potential use as a supplementary GC treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study is to create a neural network model based on collective data encounter (GMDH) and improve it using Harmony Search Optimization ((HSA)) Algorithm for simulating monthly river flow ((HSA)-GMDH).  Method: For this purpose, the rainfall and flow data of Gamasiab river of Kermanshah were used during a 20-year period (1370-1390). To develop the GMDH model, 80% of the data were used to train the model and other data were used to evaluate it. Also, the best input variables to the model were determined by trial and error method, based on this method, 3 datasets were formed (D1, D2, D3), then the performance of GMDH and (HSA)-GMDH models was evaluated with each of these datasets.  Results: The (HSA)-GMDH(D1) model performs better in the training and testing phase than the GMDH(D1) model. The (HSA)-GMDH(D2) model also performs better than the GMDH(d2) model. The (HSA)-GMDH(D3) model also performs better than the GMDH(D3) model. It is better to use an optimization Algorithm such as (HSA) instead of the trial and error method to simulate the monthly flow of the river using the GMDH model.  Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the (HSA)-GMDH model performs much better than the GMDH model, so it can be used as a powerful tool for simulating monthly river flow.

Background and Aim: The concept of hopefulness in adolescents and its role in the health of this group are very important. Therefore, a valid and reliable tool to measure this concept is essential. This methodological study was performed to identify psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of “Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents” ((HSA)) in high school students of Tehran.Materials and Methods: In this methodological research, 1918 girl and boy students from districs 3, 5, 9, 10 and 18 of Education Organization in Tehran were selected by random cluster sampling method. The subjects were asked to complete the scale along with a demographic questionnaire and Self efficacy scale of Sherer et al. as a criterion scale. Construct and criterion validities were identified for the validity of the scale and internal consistencies as well as test-retest were measured for its reliability. Data were analyzed by calculation of factor analysis, coefficients of correlation and Cronbach’s alpha.Findings: Construct validity was measured by exploratory factor analysis and revealed 2 factors, namely, optimistic and pessimistic thinking toward future. Coefficient correlation (r) of scores between the scale and Self-efficacy scale of Sherer et al. was 0.588 (P<0.001). Cronbach’s alpha andcorrelation (r) of scale scores in 2 times were 0.834 and 0.445 respectively.Conclusion: Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents has satisfactory validity and reliability and can be used to measure hopefulness in this group.

Background: Cancer is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease in worldwide and developed countries. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women. Mortality from breast cancer is significantly reduced with early detection. There are several detection methods. One way is investigate the changes of microRNA expression in serum / plasma. In this study, we examined the expression of (HSA)-miR-490 in serum that obtained from patients with breast cancer. Methods: In a cross-sectional comparative study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 subjects with breast cancer and 30 healthy individuals as a control group. Total mRNA was extracted from serum and cDNA was synthesized to study the (HSA)-miR-490-5p gene expression variations by real-time PCR. Results: Significant increase was observed in gene expression and sera concentration of (HSA)-miR-490-5p in serum of breast cancer patient. Significant changes were not observed in gene expression of (HSA)-miR-490-3p in serum of breast cancer patient. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that (HSA)-miR-490-5p acts as oncomir in serum by targeting FOXP3 (p<0. 05).