Introduction: Surgical treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is one of the most common surgeries in the world. In many studies the success is related to the radiological results. The aim of this study, however, is to determine the effects of some psychological factors such as depression, Anxiety and patients’ expectations concerning their satisfaction from Disk Herniation surgery (DHS).Materials and Methods: Sixty patients who were candidates for DHS were examined for depression, expectations, Anxiety and satisfaction before and three months after the surgery using standard questionnaires.Results: The patients consisted of 33 females (55%) and 27 males (45%). The average of pain acuity before the surgery was measured as 7.25 units which decreased to 2.1 units after the operation. 93.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with Anxiety of different degrees and 66.7% with depression. 70% had high expectations. The patients’ satisfaction rate was ranging from 1.7 to 8.9 (mean= 5.5).  Satisfaction gained the highest rate in the patients aging between 30-39 years old. Also, depression and high expectations were found to be associated with lower levels of satisfaction.Conclusion: Depression decreases patient’s satisfaction while low expectations can increase it.

2Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combined treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness on cortisol levels in individuals with generalized Anxiety disorder.  Methods: The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group and a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all individuals with symptoms of generalized Anxiety disorder who referred to the clinics of the Psychological Services Center and Counseling in Region 3, the Counseling and Psychological Services Center of Welfare in Region 6, and the Aryaz Counseling and Psychological Services of Region 6, Tehran, from April 2022 to the end of autumn 2022. Results: The sample consisted of 30 individuals (10 males and 20 females) with generalized Anxiety disorder, selected purposefully and randomly assigned to a treatment group based on virtual reality and mindfulness (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). Pre-test, post-test, and follow-up cortisol levels were measured, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was used as the entry criterion. Subsequently, the experimental group received an eight-session, 17-minute weekly treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness. Participants in this group, while immersed in a virtual environment, watched 360-degree virtual reality videos, "Walking by the Beach" and "Pebbles in the Lake," accompanied by mindfulness audio contemplation, "Being Present and Breathing," and "Wise Mind," using a VR headset and VR-ARBOX. The control group received no treatment. Conclusions: After completing the interventions, post-tests and two-month follow-ups were conducted. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS23 software, revealing that the combined treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness was effective in reducing cortisol levels. It is suggested that this combined method is used as a clinical intervention in order to reduce the level of Anxiety and cortisol of people suffering from generalized Anxiety disorder alone or along with other psychological and pharmaceutical interventions.

Background and Objective: Anxiety among patients experiencing coronary angiography increases within invasive studies including angiography. Anxiety as an intensifier at cardiovascular reactions can endanger patients in angiography clinics.Materials and Method: This research is a prospective and descriptive study performed on a group of 180patients hospitalized in Sari Fatemeh-Zahra Hospital for coronary angiography who were randomly selected. Demographic data and variables sheets and Spielberger state-trait Anxiety inventory were distributed among the two groups before and after aromatherapy. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16 as well as statistical T-test and F test, Kendon coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square test.Results: The results also showed that in the 60-90 years old group, illiterate persons as well as patients who were smokers, obese people, patients who had high trait Anxiety level with waiting period of more than 7 days, as well as patients who did not enjoy exercising habits, patients who had family background of heart disease, patients experiencing their first angiography, patients who had no history of angiography in their family and patients who had no awareness on angiography all revealed high levels of state Anxiety and, statistically, significant relationship was observed between state Anxiety and the mentioned variables. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Increase age, low illiterate, smoke, obese, had no exercising, family history of heart disease, Lack of awareness about angiography, experiencing first angiography and family history angiography, waiting period (>6days) and trail Anxiety are factors which must be focused and managed.Conclusion: In general, high Anxiety in these patients makes clear the necessity of paying more attention by nursing and medical personel to reduction of Anxiety and application of appropriate interventions in order to reduce such problems and this issue will be possible when the factors causing Anxiety are identifie.