The economic development of a country depends on the management, Applicability, and utilization of its resources. Efficient energy generation and application in the industrial and agricultural sectors are of paramount importance. Due to the high need for a healthy environment coupled with sustainable energy, it has become necessary for the government and industries to look beyond carbon-based energy sources, which most developing countries depend on heavily for their energy generation, and begin to consider other sources of energy. These carbon-based energy sources generate greenhouse gases, causing global warming and climate change. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a promising energy source, providing sustainable and environmentally friendly energy. They can harness the chemical energy in organic compounds and channel it to the generation of electrical energy while providing environmental remediation. Its functioning is efficient, widespread, convenient, and promising. This review considers the various types of MFCs, their mode of operation, strategies for improving their performance, and future prospects.