Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a serious condition driven by chronic inflammation in the colon, representing a significant challenge in both preventative and therapeutic contexts. Apis mellifera intermissa venom has shown promising therapeutic potential in various disease models, particularly those involving inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of venom derived from honeybees native to Algeria on the progression of CAC in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated mice. A total of 28 male mice were randomly allocated into four groups (n=7 per group): a control group received a tap drinking water, an AOM group (10 mg AOM /kg body weight), a bee venom group (0.76 mg/kg body weight), and a combined bee venom + AOM group. CAC was induced in mice by a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of AOM, and a high-fat diet (45% fat by diet weight) for two weeks. The potential therapeutic effect was evaluated by administering bee venom intraperitoneally on a daily basis for two weeks. AOM significantly reduced body weight, food and water intake while increasing colon weight. Hematological analysis revealed significant reductions in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT), coupled with increased white blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels further confirmed systemic inflammation. Macroscopic examination and histopathological analyses of the colon revealed extensive pathological changes in the AOM group, including severe mucosal inflammation, necrotic epithelial damage, and substantial immune cell infiltration. Noteworthy, co-treatment with bee venom effectively mitigated these pathological alterations. Bee venom significantly restored hematological profiles by improving RBC count, HGB, and HCT levels while reducing the elevated WBC count, MCV, and MCH values. CRP levels were significantly reduced, reflecting the anti-inflammatory effects of the venom. Also, macroscopic evaluations demonstrated the preservation of colon morphology, while histopathological assessments revealed an improved epithelial integrity with fewer signs of necrosis and cellular atypia. These findings suggest that Apis mellifera intermissa venom holds potential as an adjunct therapeutic agent for suppressing CAC progression, warranting further investigation into its underlying mechanisms and clinical applicability.

Introduction: Colon cancer is known as one of the most current cancers in the world and Iran that high percentage of deadly caners in the world is related to colon cancer. The use of new method to treat and control of colon cancer in developed societies are on rise. Ozone is used as the new and effective method to treat of different diseases, infections and scars. In this study, the effects of different doses of ozone were investigated on the expression of HIF-I and β,-catenin genes in the colon tissue of mice with colon cancer. Method: This study was performed on 35 male Balb/c mice in 5 groups. One group was randomly considered as healthy group and in the rest of the mice colon cancer was induced using Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS). One group was not treated and the other three groups were treated with 10, 20 and 40 μ, g/ml doses of O3, respectively. Then colon tissue was prepared and the change of the expression in HIF-I and β,-catenin genes was investigated using Real-time PCR. Results: Treatment with AOM-DSS dramatically increased the expression of HIF-I and β,-catenin genes in comparison to the healthy group (P < 0. 001), while ozone decreased the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: Ozone in a specific dose has a therapeutic effect on colon cancer and can be used as a substantial method for colon cancer treatment.

Objective(s): Dietary phytate is known to protect against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced preneoplastic lesions. The present study was designed to determine whether dietary phytate affects mutation frequency in colon epithelial cells challenged with azoxymethane in vivo, through lowering the formation of O6-methyl guanosine (O6-MeG) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts. Materials and Methods: We used Fisher F344 rats induced with AOM for 20 weeks and undertook 1% or 2% phytate supplementation for subsequent 16 weeks to monitor the mutation frequencies of one of the candidate genes, K-ras, along with DNA adduct load. Results: Dietary phytate significantly suppressed aberrant crypt foci formation and effectively inhibited colon tumor formation in a dose-dependent manner. DNA sequencing results demonstrated that 60% of the colon tumors from AOM-treated and control diet fed animals showed GGT to GAT transition and 40% of the tumors showed GGT to GTT transversion at codon 12, along with 18% of the tumors showing GGC to CGC transversion at codon 13. Phytate supplementation at 1 and 2% lowered the frequency of GGT > GAT to 30 and 10%, respectively. Phytate supplementation also nullified the codon 13 mutations. No mutations were observed at codon 61 in any of the experimental groups. Conclusion: The lowered frequency of K-ras mutations correlated with decreased formation of hydroxyl radicals, O5-meG and 8-OH-dG levels in phytate-supplemented animals with lowered tumor burden.

Background: Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has the ability to inhibit the carcinogenic pathways, and thus can prevent or postpone the carcinogenic process in different animal species. Retention time of curcumin is short due to the quick excretion of the body, so, the therapeutic effects of curcumin are restricted resulting in short-term retention in the plasma. Therefore, several methods are used for increasing the efficiency of curcumin in plasma and tissues. The present study is designed to evaluate the effects of the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic of nano-curcumin in rat colon cancer.Methods: In this study which was performed in Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Thirty rats have divided into control, curcumin and nano-curcumin groups. All animals received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg, s.c) as a carcinogen, once a week for two consecutive weeks. Animals received curcumin 0.2% and nano-curcumin 2 weeks before azoxymethane injection up to 14 weeks after the last injection of azoxymethane in curcumin and nano-curcumin groups, respectively. At the end of experiment, the colorectal specimens from all mucosal lesions were obtained for histo-and-immunohistochemical (Ki-67 and COX-2) studies.Results: The cytological and morphological changes of the cells in nano-curcumin group were significantly lower compared to other groups (P<0.05). In addition, the Ki- 67 and COX-2 proteins expression was lower in the nano-curcumin group in compareson with the curcumin and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicate that the using a suitable nanoparticle can be appropriately resolved the low bioavailability of curcumin. This can be an important method to use of natural products in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.

Introduction: Citrus is in the first rank in the world with respect to production among fruits. They are grown commercially in more than 50 countries around the world. Several factors such as rootstock, nutrition and irrigation regimes, cultivation design and etc. may affect the promotion of quality and quantity of fruits. Lemon fruits are among the most valuable functional diets shown to lower oxidative-related disease risks, particularly cardiovascular disease. A well-documented characteristic of these fruits is the accumulation of high amounts of glycoside flavonones, named hesperidin in the fruits. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the cytoprotective action of citrus fruits is enhanced by the presence of antioxidants including vitamin C, phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids. Hesperidin and its metabolites significantly have been found to lower the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma. Hesperidin acts as a chemopreventive agent against colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane. Lemons are one of the citrus species having many medicinal effects owing to their secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are a part of aromatic polyphenols having different biological actions such as antioxidant activity, anti-cancer, anti-sensation and etc. Hesperidin is one of the abundant secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoids in citrus, which is effective in treating many diseases....

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and the second most common cancer in Europe. About 8% of all cancer-related deaths occur due to colorectal cancer, and the highest prevalence has been reported in Asia and Eastern Europe. Methods: In this experimental study, 80 rats were divided into two groups of cases (n=70) and controls (n=10). Colorectal cancer was induced weekly in rats by subcutaneous injection of 15 mg/kg Azoxymethane. The rats were then divided into 7 experimental subgroups of patients, saline, quercetin, intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, quercetin plus intermittent, and quercetin plus continuous exercise. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the rats’ heart tissue by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Oxidative stress in heart cells increased due to colorectal cancer. Quercetin alone or in combination with exercise significantly increased mean levels of CAT and SOD in the heart tissue of rats compared with patient and saline groups (P<0. 0001). In contrast, the MDA level was significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Colorectal cancer increased the oxidative stress in cardiac cells. Quercetin alone improved oxidative stress in cardiac tissue, and its combination with exercise was more effective.