Background and Aims: Various methods are used for treatment of open bite. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Lower Anterior High Pull Headgear (LAHPH) appliance in Class I subjects with moderate open bite and high lower lip line.Materials and Methods: The study group was composed of 10 subjects with a mean age of 15.8±2.5 years and 3.05±0.07 mm moderate open bite. All the patients rejected or thognathic surgery. The treatment included extraction of upper and lower second premolars followed by leveling, banding, bonding, posterior space closure, and anterior retraction. After these procedures, the open bite was reduced to 2.04±1.17 mm. afterwards; LAHPH was applied for 18 hours per day for 8±2 months. LAHPH appliance was composed of High Pull Headgear and two hooks mounted on its inner bow. Two elastics (1.8, light, Dentaurum) connected the upper hooks on the inner bow to the lower hooks on the mandibular canines vertically. The forces produced by the prescribed elastics were 10 and 60 g during mouth closing and opening, respectively. Paired T-test was used to evaluate pre-and post-treatment outcomes.Results: The pre-and post-treatment cephalometric evaluations showed that the LAHPH reduced effectively the open bite of the patients to 0.15±1.7 mm (P<0.001).Conclusion: This appliance can be used as an acceptable method for closing the open bite in Class I subjects.

Background: Deep bite is one of the main common occlusal discrepancies of mixed dentition period and anterior bite plate is recommended in early mixed dentition to correct the trait and prevent the future malocclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of anterior bite plate on the correction of deep bite in early mixed dentition. Methods: This retrospective semi-experimental clinical trial was conducted on 16 patients (8 males, 8 females) with deep bite and class II malocclusion in early mixed dentition. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained from patients’ records before and after the application of anterior bite plate. Changes in 11 various angular, ratio and distance measures were evaluated by tracing the cephalograms. Collected data were then analyzed using paired t-test. Results: Statistical differences were evaluated before and after the use of anterior bite plate appliance. Change in overbite, overjet, ANB angulation, anterior facial height, posterior facial height and Jarabak index were calculated with results indicative of significant changes (P < 0. 017, P < 0. 041, P < 0. 001, P < 0. 0001, P < 0. 0001, P < 0. 012). However, no significant difference in the degree of SNA, SNB, Go. Gn. SN, Y-axis and incisor to the mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was noted following the application of the appliance (P > 0. 914, P > 0. 219, P > 0. 753, P > 0. 276, P > 0. 062). Conclusions: Treatment with the anterior bite plate was shown to be effective in correction of the deep bite in cases with class II malocclusion with little need for complex fixed appliance therapy.

Introduction. In patients with anterior open bite, wether with skeletal factors, or with dental factors, the excessive eruption of posterior teeth, is one of the specific findings, and this excessive eruption causes the backward and downward rotation of mandible, which results in an increase in lower facial height and steep mandibular plane. In these patients, depressing of posterior teeth is the ideal treatment and to achieve this goal is one of the most difficult tooth movements for orthodontist. Methods. For this purpose, a removable appliance was designed and to evaluate its eficacy, six patients were selected, four of them were in permanent dentition and two in mixed dentition period. They were under treatment with this appliance, full time for three to three and a half months. Before starting treatment, lateral cephalometric radiograph and study casts were prepared and the above mentioned period were repeated. The amount of bite closure was measured by comparing study casts before and after treatment. Also cephalometric changes were evaluated by comparing pre-and-post treatment records.Results. As a result average of maxillary first molar intrusion was 1.1 mm and average of mandibular first molar intrusion was 1.3 mm , which had resulted in upward and forward rotation of the mandible. The average changes due to mandibular rotation were: The amount of bite closure 3.7mm; Decrease in lower facial height 3mm; Prominence of chin 3.2 mm; Decrease in mandibular plane angle 2.3; Decrease in y-axis angle 2; Increase in facial angle 2.3.Discussion. Therefore it is obvious that clinically the suggested appliance is capable of, intruding posterior teeth in both of maxilla and mandible and then due to upward and forward rotation of the mandible, the steep mandibular plane and lower facial height are decreased. Now according to the results of this investigation can be highly hopefull that, the number of patients who need orthographic surgery, for correction of anterior open bite to be diminished.

Introduction: One of the most difficult procedures in orthodontics is the treatment of skeletal open bite. This malocclusion is characterized by back ward rotation of mandible, an obtuse gonial angle, an increased anterior facial height, and a E long face appearance. The treatment strategy of skeletal open bite has been mainly based on vertical growth inhibition, forward autorotation of mandible, and intrusion of posterior dent alveolar structures. Early treatment of this malocclusion is of great interest because the therapeutic approach is functional before growth has been completed and is surgical afterwards. Posterior bite-blocks are one of the functional appliances which are commonly used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spring loaded posterior occlusal bite block (SLPOBB) on dento-facial structures in patients with skeletal open bite. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial study, our sample group consisted of 23 skeletal open bite subjects (9 males and 14 females) having a mean age of 9.8, treated by SLPOBB until the open bite was completely dissolved and a favorable overjet was achieved. Cephalometric tracing was carried out on the lateral cephalograms taken prior to and after treatment. The data were analyzed using paired t-test to determine significant changes (a=0.05).Results: Skeletal changes: A statistically significant increase in SNB, ArGoGn, mandible length, anterior facial height, UFH, LFH, and posterior facial height was found.Decrease in ANB, Palatal plane/MeGo, SArGo, SNGoAr, and Y-Axis was also significant. Dental changes: The results revealed a significant increase in Upperl/Palatal plane height, Lower1/GoMe height & Upper 6/Palatal plane height and a decrease in Lower1/GoMe angle. Conclusion: SLPOBB was found to be effective in treatment of skeletal open bite by: 1) A significant decrease of mandibular posterior angles, an increase of posterior facial height, and upward and forward rotation of mandible. 2) Intrusion of mandibular first molars. 3) Extrusion of anterior dentoalveolar height, and lingual inclination of lower incisors.

Introduction: One of developments in field of radiology is providing the radiographic image based on computed radiography (CR) system. Common usable capabilities of CR system are obtaining super BW (Bite-Wing) images from digital panoramic views. Considering advantages of this system such as edge enhancement, we decided to evaluate the agreement of super BW with digital intraoral BW which is produced with PSP (Phosphor Storage Plate) system in detection of proximal caries.Materials & Methods: In this study, 40 patients with bilateral BW produced by intraoral PSP sensor (Digora Optime) and digital panoramic radiography which was taken with cassette containing storage plate (Konica Minolta) were selected. First, two super BWs were extracted from digital panoramic images of the patients and then proximal caries in digital intraoral BW and super BW images were evaluated by two different observers separately. In this study, the agreement between two methods was evaluated for each observer with kappa agreement test.Results: After analysis of data, it was revealed that there was a moderate agreement between two methods in detection of caries by first and second observers (0.454, 0.421). There was a poor agreement for detection of proximal caries of premolar teeth and a moderate agreement about molar teeth between first and second observers. Interobserver agreement for both techniques was good (0.664, 0.626).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that due to a good agreement between two observers and a moderate agreement between two techniques about detection of caries, the use of super BW method instead of intraoral BW technique is not proper and therefore, using digital intraoral BW in detection of dental caries is preffered.

A 32-year-old man was attacked by flies while camping around Khorram Abad, Lorestan Province, western Iran. Pruritic dermatitis with marked edema and considerable discomfort appeared mainly on the lower legs. The flies were identified as Simulium. Simuliids are tiny bloodsucking flies, popularly known as blackflies or buffalo flies, belonging to the dipterous, family Simulidae. They are occurred worldwide, breed in fast-flowing streams, and are a major animal pest.

Acute scrotal pain is a unique emergency in urological field and necessitates a quick intervention because the most probability in this situation is teticular torsion which in case of delay can lead to irreversible testicular damage.The patient is a 24 year old man who complained of sudden left teticular pain from 4 hours ago. Severity of pain had woken him during the night. In history and physical examination the primary findings were inconclusive and the diagnosis of torsion could not be ruled out. Paraclinic study began but in Doppler ultrasonography testicular blood flow was normal.In secondary assessment we noticed a gray small papule in the posterior aspect of left hemiscrotum and then we extracted the lesion from scrotal wall. It was a thick, sucking blood, penetrated scrotum to half of his body length, so the symptoms resolved.We reported this case to underline the importance of quick management of acute scrotum in association with paying attention to meticulous history taking and physical examination even in case of emergency.