Background: Cervical and breast cancer are considered to be the most common cause of death among Iranian women. Various studies have shown that probiotics are effective fighting cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus brevis on apoptosis and casp (casp3, casp8) gene expression in HeLa cancer cells. Materials & Methods: In this study, L. brevis bacteria were collected from the vaginal fluid of females referred to Alzahra Hospital and isolated and cultured in MRS agar medium. Inhibition of HeLa cancer cell proliferation by bacteria was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis of cancer cells was measured by fluorescent microscopy using DAPI method. Finally, expression of Caspase and akt genes was measured by Real time PCR. Results: The results indicated that L. brevis had the same effect on HeLa cancer cells (P=0. 42, P=0. 26). On the other hand, there was no significant increase in akt gene expression (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: Lactobacillus brevis bacteria can be considered biologically safe for the development of a novel, high-impact, low-throughput therapeutic strategy. On the other hand, side-by-side treatment and prevention against cancer will be costeffective.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. Many efforts, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, have been made to treat breast cancer. Due to some drawbacks of chemotherapy such as toxicity and drug resistance, some other strategies, including use of marine resources, have recently been developed.Cyanobacteria have some effective compounds that can induce the process of cell death in cancer cells and might be promising candidate for cancer therapy.In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Oscillatoria cyanobacterium on the viability and gene expression of caspase 3 (CASP3) in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was examined. Breast cancer cell lines were treated with concentrations of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL of Oscillatoria extract. The effect of extracts on the viability of cells was evaluated by MTT assay and alteration of caspase 3 gene expression was checked out by Real Time PCR. The results showed that the MCF7 cell viability was reduced in the presence of increasing concentration of the extract with significant differences compared to the control samples. The results of Real Time PCR showed that the expression of caspase 3 significantly increased after 24 h in comparison with the control group.

Background: Adenosine receptor family, especially A1 type is-overexpressed in breast-derived tumor cells and the P53 gene is mutant in some of these cells while the casps gene is of wild type as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the A1 receptor function on cell programmed death or proliferation, as well as the relationship between this receptor stimulation/inhibition and caspase 3 (casp3) expression in T47D cell line that has a mutant and non-functional P53 gene. Materials and Methods: The expression of casps3 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and then flow cytometery and MTT assay were used to assess the apoptotic and proliferation cell rate after the treatment of T47D cells with specific agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and antagonist 1, 3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) of this receptor 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. Result: Our results indicated that DPCPX significantly induces apoptosis in T47D cells and the rate of survival cell after the reduction of this treatment, especially 72 hours after treatment. Finally, the expression of casp3 was up-regulated by DPCPX treatment, especially in 72 hours while CPA treatment had opposite results (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: In general, DPCPX could up-regulate casp3 gene expression and subsequently increase the apoptosis rate in T47D cells with casp3 expression without the P53 gene interference. Therefore, adenosine A1 receptor antagonists may be introduced as anti-cancer agents.

Aim: Alzheimer's is a neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline, neuron loss, and eventually dementia. On the other hand, studies have shown that physical activity causes synaptic plasticity, improves cognitive performance, increases memory and learning, reduces anxiety and depression, and protects the brain against neuron-destroying diseases in humans and animals. In addition, sumac has a high antioxidant capacity and can be useful in relieving Alzheimer's disease. According to the studies conducted on the positive effect of exercise on cognitive functions and increasing the antioxidant capacity (including receiving sumac) in improving the process of Alzheimer's disease, the effect of these two factors together on the inflammatory factors of Alzheimer's patients has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of endurance training along with sumac supplementation on inflammatory and apoptotic indices in Alzheimer's male rats. Material and Methods: The current research is experimental with a post-test and controlled design with a control group and a placebo. 35 rats (with an average age of 4 to 5 weeks and an average weight of 180 to 200 grams) were randomly divided into control group, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease with sumac supplementation, Alzheimer's disease with endurance exercise, and Alzheimer's disease with endurance exercise and sumac supplementation. Alzheimer's induction was done by injecting 8 mg/kg of trimethyl tin chloride along with 200 microliters of normal saline. To feed the sumac (Rhus coriaria L)) to rats, the top branch of the sumac plant was ground. The powder obtained from it was mixed with the food of rats at a ratio of ten percent. Then, the mixture was made into a paste and molded into a plate and dried. Endurance training was done in the form of swimming in a special rat pool with dimensions of 80 x 50 x 50 cm, with a water wave maker and water with a temperature of 30 to 33 degrees. Endurance swimming exercises were performed for 12 weeks and 5 days a week. 48 hours after the end of the training program, the rats were anesthetized. 5 ml of blood sample was taken from the heart and transferred to gel tubes. Then the serum was separated by a centrifuge model 5804 manufactured by Eppendorf and transferred to a microtube and a negative twenty-degree freezer. The levels of IL-18, bax, bcl2 and cas3 were analyzed using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test (P<0.05).Results: We found that induction of Alzheimer's disease increases IL-18, bax, bcl2 and cas3 proteins (p=0.001). After 12 weeks of intervention, the level of IL-18, bax, bcl2 and cas3 proteins in the Alzheimer group + endurance exercise was significantly lower than the Alzheimer group (p=0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between Alzheimer's + endurance training and Alzheimer's + endurance + sumac groups in terms of IL-18, bax, bcl2 and cas3 protein levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: Epidemiological studies suggest the reduction of inflammation in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's. However, clinical evidence does not consider the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to be very successful. Both sumac and exercise are strong antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, which probably have double positive physiological effects when they are placed next to each other. Our findings suggest that endurance training improves the level of inflammatory indices in Alzheimer's rat, although adding sumac to the exercise program is not likely to improve apoptotic and inflammatory indices.

Objective: Fragmentation is common event observed in more than 50% human embryos that grows in vitro culture. The main mechanism of fragmentation is apoptosis. To achieve the correlation between apoptosis and fragmentation, we study the role of DNA methylation in anti-pro apoptotic genes expression inhibitation and its final effect on fragmentation.Materials and Methods: Fragmented and normal human 8-cell embryos were scored according to the degree of fragmentation, into four grades (grade І: normal or least fragmentation embryos, grade ІІ: embryos with lower than 25% fragmentation, grade ІІІ: embryos with more than 25% fragmentation, grade ІV: embryos to induced with a apoptotic inducer Actinomycin D). In this study, TUNEL labeling was used to detect apoptosis; also Bisulfite-Sequencing Technology characterized methylation status of the bag1, bcl2, casp3 and bax enhancer/promoter regions, and then Real-Time PCR confirmed analysis of gene expression in human embryos.Results: The results of TUNEL labeling showed that embryos with higher fragmentation had a high number of apoptotic bodies. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative PCR analysis were used respectively to indicate the level of gene expression and DNA methylation profiles of the above genes in four different embryo grades. To determine DNA methylation changes between these embryo grades, we analyzed the CpG islands states of various regulatory regions of bag1, bax, bcl2, casp3 and bax genes.Conclusion: The primery data revealed that bax enhancer/promoter region was hypomethylated through grade I to IV whereas it seems that methylation of Bag1 varied between these embryo grades, the finding should be confirm by their expression level that is ongoing.

Introduction: Colon cancer has spread to developed countries. Probiotic bacteria can play an important role in reducing cancer and treating colon cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adjacent bovine Lactobacillus rhamnose culture on the expression of casp3 and bax genes in cancer cell. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study after bacterial culture, supernatant and bacterial extract were prepared and the cells were treated with these materials. The effects of cell cytotoxicity of the cell line on the HT29 cell line were investigated using MTT method. After extraction of RNA and preparation of cDNA, the expression of bax, casp3 genes in the HT29 cell line was investigated using Real Time PCR. Findings: The results of MTT assay showed that Lactobacillus ramnose at a concentration of 10 μ g/ml reduced the survival of HT-29 cells by 51. 49± 8. 32%, and the coloring results detection showed that treatment of HT29 cells with Lactobacillus rhamnosis caused qualitative changes in cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR results showed that lactobacillus rhamnose bacteria significantly increased the expression of bax genes (4. 2± 0. 22) and casp3 (6. 88± 0. 92) compared to control gene in cancer cells of the HT29 colon (P<0. 05). Discussion & Conclusions: The results of this study showed that lactobacillus ramose bacteria increase the expression of bax, cas3 gene and cause induction of apoptosis in HT-29 cell line. Therefore, further studies can be used as an anti-cancer probiotic product in the treatment and prevention of colon cancer.

Aims Studies have shown that probiotic bacteria inhibit the onset and progression of carcinogenesis through different pathways. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of probiotic bacteria on the expression of growth-related genes Rel A, IKB, and Casp3 in HT29 colon cancer cells Methods & Materials In this study, the Lactobacillus brevis probiotic bacteria were first cultured, and after the supply of media conditioning, they were treated on HT29 cancer cells. The bacterium’s cytotoxic effect (bacterial T cells) was investigated using a microculture tetrazolium test (MTT). DNA was extracted from the treated cells, and a DNA Ladder assay was performed. Also, the 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) test was performed to show cell apoptosis. After ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) preparation to determine the mechanism of the effect of this bacterium on cellular signaling, the expression of growth-related genes Rel A, IKB, and Cas3 was measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Findings The microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test showed that L. b bacteria inhibit HT29 cells’ proliferation, induce apoptosis in these cells, and inhibit Rel A gene proliferation by increasing IKB gene expression. Also, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and DNA ladder assay following the treatment of HT29 cells regarding the mentioned bacteria showed qualitative changes in cell apoptosis. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that L. b increased Casp3 gene expression in HT29 colon cancer cells (P=0. 038). Conclusion Our findings indicate that L. b stimulates the apoptotic cell signaling pathway in HT29 colon cancer cells. It can be used as a new treatment strategy or therapy for colon cancer treatment.

Introduction: Caspases play an important role in the cellular death process and, on the other hand, Rose has protective effects in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises with Rose damascena supplementation on the expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes of soleus muscle in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar, two-month-old rats were randomly divided into five groups (three-month control, six-month control, exercise, Rose damascena, and combined). Aerobic exercise and aerobic exercises + Rose participated in the treadmill on a gradient of 15% for 5 days a week and for 12 weeks, and the Rose damascena and combined groups received 0. 09 grams of rose + 9 cc saline per kg body weight with gavage, . After intervention aerobic exercises and use of Rose damascena, surgical procedures and extraction of specimens were performed in rats. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at a significant level of less than 0. 05. Results: Caspase 3 and 9 genes expression in soleus muscles of aerobic exercise and rose damascena and combaind group (rose and aerobic exercise) was less pronounced than in six-month control group, respectively, so that in 6 month control group the highest expression was observed. Conclusion: According to the results, aerobic exercises and Rose damascena maybe can reduce the rate of cell apoptosis by reducing the expression of Caspase 3 and 9 genes, and slow down the muscle weakness.

Programmed death ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) is a pivotal inhibitory checkpoint ligand known to induce T-cell exhaustion via interaction with the programmed death‑1 (PD‑1) receptor. Beyond this, PD-L1’s intrinsic signaling pathways within cancer cells warrant further exploration. This study aims to elucidate the effect of PD-L1 stimulation on the proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Two human AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1 were cultured and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce PD-L1overexpression. Post-treatment PD-L1 expression was confirmed via flow cytometry. Subsequently, cell surface PD-L1 was stimulated using a recombinant PD-1, 24 hours post-PMA treatment. The expression alterations in pivotal genes including BCL2, MKI67, BAX, and CASP3 were monitored using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. Additionally, annexin-V through flow cytometry. Findings reveal that PD-L1 stimulation augments AML cell proliferation and survival by enhancing MKI67 and BCL2 expressions while concurrently inhibiting cell apoptosis due to decreased BAX and CASP3 expression following PD-L1 stimulation. Notably, stimulated cells expressed exhibited reduced annexin-V compared to control cells. This study underscores that PD-L1 stimulation fosters AML cell proliferation and survival while impeding cell apoptosis. The results hold potential implications for targeting PD-L1 in AML treatment strategies.

Background & aim: The use of compounds extracted from natural plants due to less side effects can be a good alternative to chemical drugs in the treatment of deadly diseases such as cancer. In this study, the anticancer effect of Abu Jahl watermelon fruit extract on human glioblastoma cancer cells of U87 cell line was investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract on the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 genes in human glioblastoma cancer cell line. Using in vitro MTT assay and Real-time PCR, the cytotoxicity and cell inhibition mechanism of using Citrullus colocynthis on human glioblastoma U87 cell line was investigated. Methods: In this experimental study conducted in 2019 in the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Islamic Azad University, the fruit extract of the plant was prepared by extraction with 70% ethanol and to evaluate the toxicity of 104 cells of U87 cells were treated with different concentrations of this extract. These cells were treated as independent groups with specific concentrations of the extract at 24, 48 and 72 hours and were evaluated by MTT method. The determined IC50 concentration at 24 hours was used as the basal concentration for cell treatment to evaluate the amount of gene expression by Real-Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorf-Smirnov statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey. Results: The results obtained from MTT test showed that the growth of treated cells at concentrations higher than 1000 μ g / ml of fruit extract was completely inhibited and the IC50 value calculated for 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment was 1337. 42, respectively. (P> 0. 0001), 892. 99 (p = 0. 0012) and 387. 49 (p> 0. 0001) μ g / ml of extract. Using IC50 value of Abu Jahl watermelon fruit extract for 24 hours increases the expression of caspase 3 and 8 gene by 3. 052 (p = 0. 0013) and 2. 099 (p = 0. 065), respectively. . Conclusion: The data revealed from this work determined that Citrullus colocynthis extract has concentration and time dependent toxicity effects on U87 cell line and the inhibition mechanism of this plant may be due to the induced Casp3 and Casp8 gene expression which leads to extrinsic apoptosis pathway. So, Citrullus colocynthis extract can be used to inhibit glioblastoma cells growth and may treat brain tumor.