Crime prevention is the first step to establish criminal justice. The cyber space for its specific features is suitable for the situational prevention. The necessity of the situational prevention for cybercrime has been multiplied because of uncontrollable space, unknown computer users, target vulnerability, being difficult to spot crime convicts, ease to commit a crime, extensive loss, traffic density of victims and the most of computer users being under-age. Therefore with applying the technical crime prevention methods we can prevent from these crimes in some extent. This paper tries to determine different situational strategies (with relying on Clarke’s 25 situational crime prevention techniques) and through it propounds strategies to reduce crime opportunities and increase the risk associated with offending. The research method has been descriptive and analytic and the results have been in the form of necessary methods in situational crime prevention from cybercrimes.

With the rapid development of information technologies and the expansion of the Internet, organized cybercrimes, particularly phishing, have become one of the most significant legal and security challenges at the international level. The main research question is how international legal systems can effectively combat organized cybercrimes and sophisticated phishing techniques, and what approaches exist in international laws and agreements for prevention and punishment of such crimes. The necessity of this study arises from the increasing phishing attacks that cause financial losses and threaten the privacy of individuals, corporations, and governments, while legal gaps between countries reduce the effectiveness of countermeasures. The aim of this article is to analyze and review the existing international legal frameworks, identify their weaknesses, and provide suggestions for strengthening legal and operational cooperation among countries. The research method in this article is descriptive–analytical, based on documentary and comparative studies of international instruments, conventions, directives, and judicial practices of various countries. The findings indicate that although several legal tools, including the Budapest Convention and European Union directives, have been designed to combat cybercrimes, their unified and coordinated implementation faces numerous challenges, necessitating enhanced international cooperation, legal updates, and improved technical and judicial capacities. The novelty of this study lies in providing a comprehensive analysis of the integration of legal, judicial, and international cooperation approaches to counter phishing and organized cybercrimes, which can serve as a basis for developing more effective policies in this field

Although it is not a long time since the cyberspace reached Iranian community، this space has depended on the entire community، from government and institutions to all sectors of society. Cyberspace، also known as Second Life، has a devastating effect، along with a variety of features and numerous benefits. These injuries are particularly acute in some of its areas، such as social networks، computer games، the Internet، and so on، and has faced many problems for families. In this paper، we try to highlight the most important damage to this space، to describe some solutions to family protection against virtual space damage so that families can reduce their destructive effects using these strategies.

Cybercrime in social networks is one of the emerging challenges in the field of law and information technology, which, with the widespread use of virtual spaces and online interactions, poses a serious threat to data security, individuals’ privacy, and public order. The main research question of this study is how the Iranian legal system can effectively address cybercrime in social networks by utilizing domestic laws, judicial practices, and international experiences, and what strategies can be implemented to enhance deterrence and protect citizens’ rights. The necessity of examining this topic arises from the rapid advancement of technology and the pervasive influence of social networks in daily life, which have created multiple legal and judicial complexities and revealed gaps in existing legislation that require detailed analysis and practical solutions. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework, judicial practices, and legal doctrine related to cybercrime, while offering reformative and comparative recommendations for lawmakers and courts. The research method in this study is descriptive–analytical and based on documentary review, including the examination of domestic laws, judicial rulings, consultative opinions, and comparison with international regulations. The findings indicate that the Computer Crimes Law, particularly the 2024 amendments, has taken effective steps toward combating unauthorized access and cyber offenses, and the Iranian judiciary has established a framework aligned with the law’s objectives. Additionally, comparative analysis with the legal systems of other countries and international conventions shows that Iran is moving toward harmonization with global standards; however, continuous review and enhancement of laws and regulations, leveraging international experiences, and educating users of virtual spaces are essential for strengthening security and safeguarding citizens’ rights. The innovation of this article lies in providing a comprehensive analysis that simultaneously combines legal, judicial, and comparative dimensions with a focus on practical strategies for combating cybercrime in social networks.

Today, the use of information and communication technology and the cyberspace platform has overshadowed many aspects of human life; As the relationships of people in this context have led to the formation of the title of "cyber communities". The dimension of security and public order is the most important element in the stability of any society; Cyber communities are no exception to this and seek to outline their criminal policies to ensure the security of life, property and dignity of citizens as well as the security of public institutions in the context of cyberspace. In Iran, due to the high rate of Internet penetration and the large number of users, creating a criminal policy to manage and control cyber anomalies is of great importance and priority; Accordingly, in this category, by examining the documents and studying the library, the trends and approaches of the criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in cyberspace are explained, as a result, a conceptual model of relative cybercrime-related criminal policy for scientific and practical development is presented.

With the increasing complexity of cyber-attacks, the need for intelligent and accurate methods for detecting network intrusions is increasingly felt. Although deep learning-based models have been used in previous research, there are still challenges such as insufficient accuracy in detecting emerging attacks and the inability to handle the inherent uncertainties of network data. The proposed method proposes a new hybrid framework that integrates a fuzzy deep autoencoder algorithm. This approach begins with preprocessing of raw network traffic data, including normalization and deterministic coding. The deep autoencoder used for feature selection extracts compact latent features from the selected features and enhances the model's ability to capture nonlinear relationships. Finally, a fuzzy algorithm classifies these latent features and performs accurate attack detection. The findings of this study show that the proposed model outperforms conventional machine learningbased methods with an accuracy of 94% on the UNSW-NB15 dataset. This significant improvement is due to the combination of two key steps: nonlinear feature extraction by deep autoencoder and uncertainty-based decision making using a fuzzy system. Simulation results also confirm that this model is capable of detecting attacks with a lower false positive rate and greater resilience to noisy data. This study provides a new path for developing intelligent intrusion detection systems with high interpretability and improved accuracy.

Security is considered as one of the basic elements of efficiency and providing services to citizens and beyond that, it is the survival of existing political systems. Crimes against security have always been an significant topic of discussion. The present paper is an attempt to examine the threats and crimes against security in the Iranian legal system and its future challenges. The present paper is an analytical descriptive study and using the library method to investigate the subject under study. The findings of the study show that cyber crimes, such as espionage and unauthorized cyber access are among the crimes against security that have been criminalized. But security is also exposed to other important cyber threats that pose future security challenges. Cyber terrorism, cyber warfare, cyber disruption and hacking, phishing, farming, and smashing are among the security threats that are considered as future challenges because of the unclear nature of cyber security challenges, and dealing with it requires criminal and non-criminal prevention.

This study aims to explore the perspectives of legal professionals on the enforcement challenges of cybercrime legislation. It seeks to identify the key challenges within the legal framework, operational enforcement, and strategic policy-making that hinder the effective combat of cybercrime. Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 legal professionals, including prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and legal scholars. The participant selection was based on purposive sampling to cover a broad range of insights into the enforcement of cybercrime legislation. Data collection adhered to the principle of theoretical saturation, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify patterns and themes within the data. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: Legal Framework Challenges, Operational Enforcement Challenges, and Strategic and Policy Challenges. Within these themes, several categories were identified, including the ambiguity of laws, jurisdictional issues, technological evolution, resource constraints, digital evidence management, cybercrime reporting and detection, interagency cooperation, prevention and awareness, legal professionals’ preparedness, policy development and implementation, stakeholder engagement, and future-proofing legislation. Each category was further broken down into specific concepts highlighting the multifaceted challenges in cybercrime legislation enforcement. The study reveals that legal professionals face significant hurdles in the enforcement of cybercrime legislation, stemming from legal ambiguities, operational limitations, and strategic gaps in policy-making. Effective enforcement requires addressing these challenges through clearer legal definitions, enhanced interagency cooperation, increased resources for digital evidence management, and forward-looking policy development. By addressing these issues, there is potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of cybercrime legislation enforcement.

Field and Aims: Cybercrime is conducted on the basis of passive personal competence with emphasis on victim citizenship. The principle of passive personal jurisdiction is accepted as an exception in the criminal jurisdiction of cybercrime and can not be used as a widely used principle of jurisdiction by governments, in this study with the aim of examining the three axes of the situation,Challenges and Consequences of Passive Jurisdiction in Cybercrime. Method: Using descriptive-analytical method, different aspects of the principles and challenges of passive competence of cybercrime are described. Findings: The research findings indicate that protection of citizens by governments, prevention of impunity for offenders and protection of victims of cybercrime in particular. Also, the conditions applicable to passive jurisdiction in cybercrime, such as: the nationality of the innocent person in the country claiming jurisdiction, the criminality of the act committed in the country of occurrence, the crime being a significant crime and the lack of prior investigation. Conclusion: In this study, it has been concluded that the challenges of passive competence in cybercrime such as: interference in the sovereignty of countries, creating mistrust between governments, criminal inflation and creating challenges in detecting, prosecuting and prosecuting crimes Visitors and conflict in passive personal competence.