Piezoelectric DISPENSERs are widely applicable devices across many industries. However, their electromechanical structure often poses complexity in dynamic modeling. The interplay of many components especially compliant mechanisms and piezoelectric actuators makes modeling of the system challenging. In this study, the components of the system have been modeled individually and coupled together to predict the system behavior. For analyzing the bridge-type compliant mechanism, an appropriate method is proposed to model the structure with limited states. The mentioned method can predict the component behavior without sacrificing the precision which makes it ideal for coupling with other components' dynamics. Additionally, a non-linear modeling approach is introduced to capture the piezoelectric non-linear hysteresis behavior. Finally, by coupling the whole system dynamic, a comprehensive model is reached. The model developed for the compliant mechanism is individually validated by FEM software and experiments to prove the accuracy. The hysteresis nonlinear model is also identified and validated with the experiments with R squared exceeding 0.98. The entire coupled dynamics of the electromechanical system are identified and tested across several input frequencies. R-squared values exceed 0.95 for all input frequencies, affirming the accuracy of the dynamic model. Overall, the developed model is functional in the design and optimization of piezoelectric DISPENSERs, as well as in automatic control system designs.

Piezoelectric DISPENSERs are widely applicable devices across many industries. However, their electromechanical structure often poses complexity in dynamic modeling. The interplay of many components especially compliant mechanisms and piezoelectric actuators makes modeling of the system challenging. In this study, the components of the system have been modeled individually and coupled together to predict the system behavior. For analyzing the bridge-type compliant mechanism, an appropriate method is proposed to model the structure with limited states. The mentioned method can predict the component behavior without sacrificing the precision which makes it ideal for coupling with other components' dynamics. Additionally, a non-linear modeling approach is introduced to capture the piezoelectric non-linear hysteresis behavior. Finally, by coupling the whole system dynamic, a comprehensive model is reached. The model developed for the compliant mechanism is individually validated by FEM software and experiments to prove the accuracy. The hysteresis nonlinear model is also identified and validated with the experiments with R squared exceeding 0.98. The entire coupled dynamics of the electromechanical system are identified and tested across several input frequencies. R-squared values exceed 0.95 for all input frequencies, affirming the accuracy of the dynamic model. Overall, the developed model is functional in the design and optimization of piezoelectric DISPENSERs, as well as in automatic control system designs.

Background & Aim: Hand disinfection methods are not germ-free, and infected hands transmit the infection. One of the personal protective equipment of the operating room is the mask, which will probably be contaminated by the hands when removing the mask. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using automatic mask DISPENSER on the contamination of surgical masks in the operating room. Methods & Materials: The present study is a field experiment that was conducted on 120 hospital staff in Isfahan in 2021. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 60,automatic device and manual mask removal. The effect of contact of hands impregnated with fluorescent powder was measured during the removal of the mask in each group. The contamination area of the removed mask and the lower mask on the back and front surfaces were compared in the two groups. Results: The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the area impregnated with fluorescent powder from hand contact with the mask surface between the two methods (P<0. 05). Only 125. 6±, 77. 8 mm2 of from the front surface and 30. 6±, 26. 0 mm2 from the back surface of the mask removed with the automatic mask DISPENSER were contaminated, while the ratio in the hand-removed mask was respectively 961. 6±, 612. 9 and 440. 4±, 315. 6 mm2. Conclusion: The study showed that eliminating hand contact with the body of the mask using an automatic mask DISPENSER, can reduce its contamination. Therefore, mechanization of services is effective in ensuring the safety of individuals’,health and reducing costs.

Pure periorbital electrical injuries are uncommonly reported and may cause both immediate and delayed complications. These injuries are rare and pose a difficult challenge for both ophthalmologist and plastic surgeon. Here we report an unusual case of pure periorbital electrical injury in a 12-yr old boy while drinking water from water DISPENSER.

Introduction: With the dramatic growth of high technology and specialized precision of laboratory facilities, the need for special tools to help the operator to advance the goals and more precise and safer control has been predicted. The proposed device is automatic adjustable instrument for transmission of different volumes of fluid with different viscosities by pipet and had various electronic options to improve precision and higher control of the operator.Materials & Methods: The device is a combination of three common laboratory instruments including sampler, pipetboy, DISPENSER. Mechanical control is done by the processor, the AMD ARM, and also the processor provides the connection between joystick controller stepper motor and gearbox. To aspirate the sample and blow-out, the cylinder and piston method and the conversion rotational motion into linear stepper motors with manifold bolts method are used. Findings: The results of the electrical and mechanical performance of the device are satisfying according to the inventions used in different parts, and also it is economical. Discussion & Conclusion: After several stages of the design and construction of a laboratory prototype of the device and adjusting the speed and power of the three compound devices and their shortcomings, we come to the conclusion that mono-use pipetboy devices that are on the market have a very low accuracy, and this is also true about the Sampler which has limitations in low speed and high volumes of fluid as well as DISPENSER devices which have a high price but low functionality and many disadvantages. However, these devices are the basic requirements of a laboratory.

Sex pheromone is known as an important tool for monitoring and control of Tortrix viridana L. (Lep.: Tortricidae). In this regard, trap shape and pheromone DISPENSERs could play important role in successful programs. In this study the shape of pheromone traps including delta, cylindrical, rectangular and wing traps examined as a probable effective factor in capturing of T. viridana in west Azarbaijan, Kurdistan and Fars provinces. Experiments were conducted in randomized block designs with four treatments and four replicates (each replicate contained 2-3 traps). Traps were installed on middle height canopy of oak trees, following first emergence of males. Captured males were counted every 10-15 days. Same experiment was designed for studying the effect of pheromone DISPENSERs on tortrix male capturing with 6 type of DISPENSERs in Azarbaijan forest. All of conditions were same as previous experiment.Maximum capture was observed in Azarbaijan province by delta traps (mean =110.66±5.2). Whereas, in Kurdistan maximum captured moth was observed in cylindrical traps (59.1±9.95) placed in same group with delta and rectangular traps. In Fars province with low density of pest population cylindrical traps had maximum rate of moth capture (15±2.5) however, there was no significant differences between traps in these regions. Results indicated that in high and medium population density of the pest, trap shape had effective role in male capture. Results obtained in experiments showed that pheromone DISPENSERs have an important role in capturing rate of T. viridana. Maximum captures observed in DISPENSERs made of soft silicon (mean 114±24.2 males per trap) and soft rubber with one ostiole (mean=322.7±13.36) compared to the other traps.

Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is one of the most important pests of different palms in Asia, North Africa and Europe. At present, it is an internal quarantine pest in Saravan region (Sistan & Balouchistan province, Iran). Also date palm fruit stalk borer (DPFSB), Oryctes elegans is one of important pests of palm in Iran and Asia.Several experiments on the possibility of mass trapping of two beetles, RPW and DPFSB with their pheromone traps, have been carried out in infested date palm groves during 2004-2005 in Saravan region. The results showed that the traps baited with separate DISPENSERs of aggregation pheromone of two beetles in comparison with traps baited with pheromone mix (50:50 ratio) in one DISPENSER significantly attracted more O. elegans. But all bait types were equally attractive for R. ferrugineus. Also there was not any significant difference between the means of O. elegans catched by traps placed in different heights (ground surface, 1.5 and 4 m heights). The traps placed on the ground surface significantly attracted more R. ferrugineus in comparison with traps placed about 1.5 and 4 m above the ground surface. The effect of date palm core aging on the catching of two beetles was similar. Captures of traps that the date palm core replaced every week, were significantly greater than those with baits replaced every 2 or 3 weeks. So the number of captured insects decreases with time. These results indicated that pheromone traps with separate DISPENSERs of pheromone of R. ferrugineus and O. elegans to place on the ground can be used for mass trapping of these two beetles.

Introduction: The safety of CNG stations is important because of their location in urban areas, as well as to prevent accidents and to protect the safety of personnel, property, and environment. An event occurrence analysis with probability updating is the key to dynamic safety analysis. Material and Methods: In this study, the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) technique was used to determine the hazards of the study unit, the method of analyzing. After determining the hazards with high risk, the Bayesian fault tree analysis (BFTA) method was used to determine the effective causes of events occurrence and the type of possible relationships among them. Results: First, the phase of hazards identification, 16 Hazardous equipment were identified. Then the Risk Priority Number for the identified equipment was calculated. The results showed that the DISPENSER system had the highest risk priority number and was identified as the most critical equipment. According to this, the DISPENSER gas leakage (as the top event) was selected in this study. Then, the analysis of the DISPENSER gas leakage, using BFTA method identified 56 main causes, including 17 intermediate events and 39 basic events. Finally, cracking and corrosion of the DISPENSER hose were determined the most effective factor in the occurrence of the top event. The probability of occurrence of the top event based on FTA and BFTA analysis was calculated 9. 67×10-2 and 9. 11 × 10-2, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the study that by employing the Bayesian Network, can create a useful guideline to determine the relationship between the occurrence causes of the top event. This provides an assessment of the effectiveness of preventive measures before using them.

Carob moth is the most important pest of pomegranate in some countries including Iran. The use of sex pheromones is one of the methods to monitor and control of this pest. The major component of the carob moth sex pheromone ( (Z, E )-9, 11, 13-Tetradecatrienal )is unstable, and the effectiveness of its mimic ( (Z, E )-7, 9, 11-Dodecatrienyl format )is less than the sex pheromone. Nanotechnology can play an important role in increasing the efficiency of pheromones through gradual release. In this study, with the aim of increasing the stability of the sex pheromone in garden conditions, in addition to prepare the nanocapsule containing the major component of the sex pheromone, an experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on completely randomized blocks with two factors, including type of attractor (sex pheromone nanocapsule and commercial DISPENSER of mimic sex pheromone ) and replacement time attractor (including one, two, four, and eight weeks ). According to results, nanocapsule formulation had better performance than the mimic sex pheromone. The mean number of males attracted to nanocapsule at times of replacement attractor including one, two, four, and eight weeks were 1. 93, 1. 74, 1. 51, and 0. 6 insects per day, respectively, and to mimic sex pheromone at the mentioned times were 1. 17, 0. 89, 0. 56, and 0. 14 insects per day, respectively. Also, nanocapsule and mimic sex pheromone were able to attract insects for 49 and 21 days, respectively. According to the results of this study, the sex pheromone nanocapsule is recommended to monitor and control of this pest.

Introduction: The pharmaceutical care framework requires an active client-pharmacist partnership, particularly with respect to consultation about medication (dispensing process). The educational intervention can imply to improve rational use of drugs.Objectives: In this study the effect of active group discussion and DISPENSER feedback in increasing the patient care indicator (dispensing time) in the pharmacies of Gorgan were examined.Materials and Methods: An interventional, semi-experimental study was designed. The study was conducted in Gorgan, thirty pharmacies and 750 pharmacy client, were randomly selected in each step (before and after intervention). A structural questionnaire was used to interview clients. Data were collected from patients and by interviewing immediately after patient-DISPENSER encounter. Focused group discussion, audit feedback and distribution of educational bucklet were designed and conducted, after two months. All data were collected and analyzed with SPSS-11.5 software and were shown as mean±SE.Results: Data from 750 prescriptions before intervention showed that the average drug dispensing time was 19.43 ± 5.83 seconds and the average waiting time was 4.91 ± 1.2 minutes. In the post-intervention period, we had significant increase in the aformention indicators. Patients’ satisfaction and knowledge of adverse effects and dosage information significantly increased after intervention.Conclusion: The study shows the impact of active educational intervention in improving WHO patient care indicator (dispensing time).