Physical injuries caused by the use of various detergents and household cleaners indicate the lack of proper consumer awareness of these products. On the other hand, the most important way for the producer to inform the consumer is to put a “ warning” on the product, so it seems that the warnings on the products do not have the desired and optimal adequacy, and therefore their scientific study is necessary. In the present study, based on data consisting of 67 types of detergents, household cleaners and disinfectants based on linguistic component, design component and color component, we analyzed the warning labels on the products and analyzed their adequacy. What is understood from the examined data is that the warning labels on the products do not have the desired adequacy, and finally, the authors consider the model of the desired alert label with high adequacy by considering all three of the above components. It should be noted that most of the researches conducted in this ground have been proposed and presented in “ forensic linguistics” field.

Advanced oxidation processes are associated with the production of very active hydroxyle radicals with a high potential for oxidation of organic compounds. One such process is Fenton process which reacts with ferrous ions in acidic media to produce a hydroxyle radical. It is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the metallic ion accepts the transfer of one electron. A variety of factors such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and ferrous and H2O2 concentrations may affect the efficiency of the method. In this study, synthetic solutions of anionic LAS and ABS both having wide household and industrial applications were obtained and used to evaluate the efficiency of Fenton process in the removal and treatability of different concentrations of ferrous and H2O2 for a variety of contact times. Experiments were performed with different concentrations of H2O2 and ferrous iron at a constant pH of 3 in a jar test apparatus adjusted at 200 rpm and for different contact times (20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes). Results showed that increase in catalyst and oxidant concentrations increased removal efficiency. At a H2O2 concentration of 750 mg/l and a ferrous ion concentration of 130mg/l, 86% of LAS and ABS was removed in 80 minutes. Under these conditions, Fenton oxidation reduced the COD content of the ABS sample from 470 mg/L to 187 mg/L. The BOD5/COD ratio improved by 0.225 for a concentration of 600 mg/L of H2O2 and 130 mg/L of ferrous ion in 60 minuets. Measurements after the reaction revealed that pH reduced from 3 to 2.6 as a result of acidic intermediaries produced; this can be interesting for reaction control investigations.

Because social media is becoming more and more interactive, consumers can also affect other consumers more than past and make them aware of their views and experiences. By influencing this broad spectrum, customers can stop, control, and manage marketing efforts; this means that customers are getting power on the market. One of a variety of powerful customers that can help the organization and support the organization without any expectations is customer advocacy. The goal of this research is to study the antecedents of customer advocacy. A descriptive survey design was used in this research. Based on its goal this research was an applied one. The target population of this research was the customers of detergents product in Tehran. To collect data 336 questionnaires were distributed among customers by using simple random sampling method. For data analysis and testing research hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) method was applied by using LISREL software. The results revealed that both Customer assessment and self-motivators dimentions and their factors have a strong positive effect on Customer Advocacy.

Detergent is one of the main environmental pollutants which can penetrate into wastewater treatment plants and negatively affect their performance. Detergents have a direct and indirect effect on human health and other living organisms. For this reason, their effects need to be managed and controlled. Wastewater containing detergents is a renewable resource that can be recycled and reused. The treatment of this type of wastewater is very challenging due to its complex composition, the large volume of discharge into the environment caused by the increase in the use of detergents with the increase in the global population. In this article, the types of synthetic surfactants and their effects on human health and the environment, the characteristics of wastewater containing detergents considering the source of production, the methods of wastewater treatment containing surfactants and the studies conducted in this regard are reviewed. In the following, the economic review of wastewater treatment containing detergents and the challenges and future perspectives of wastewater treatment processes containing surfactants are also stated.

One of the effective elements in finding the appropriate outward oriented strategies for every country is the comparative advantage in the production and exports of goods. In this regard, numerous measures have been raised by economists like Balasa, Hillman and Eets to measure comparative advantages of all countries. One of the said measures which emphasizes on the export comparative advantage is Balasa"s Revealed Comparative Advantage and Hillman"s Condition. This paper attempts tb not only present theoretical foundations of these measures, but also explain the practical aspects of them. Since detergents are among the most important industrial export products, they are selected for export comparative advantage analysis. The result Qf this study indicate that Iran does not have export comparative advantage in detergents (washing powders, cleaning liquids) and their export performance are declining.

Commercial detergents, in spite of their various names and marks, are used to remove foreign matter (dirt) from substrate. Following removal of dirt from the surface, it is necessary to prevent redeposition, so the detergent must have suspending power. In this experimental work, a simple method has been developed to evaluate the cleaning power of commercial detergents. The method, showing the change of surface tension of detergent solution versus concentration makes possible the dynamic study of the cleaning power of different commercial detergents without concerning their formulation, It has been found that the method differentiates between various detergents. The examined detergents were: Arial, Barf, Bianco, Darya, Paak, Persil, Sepid, Shoma, Vash and Yes.

Background and Objectives: Despite positive aspects of wide rang applications of detergents, a large number of these products are attributed to the several consumer's health problems. Women are the most domestic consumers. So in this study, women strategies for handling household detergents were surveyed.Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 349 women from health care centers were selected using stratified Random sampling method and their behaviours for handling household detergents by phone structured interview were surveyed. Data were then analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics, X2 and Fisher test.Results: In 85% of houses, detergents were Stored in kitchen and 76.5% paid no attention to the detergent’s labels. Only 26.2% always were gloves. The rate of hand dermatitis and respiratory problems due to domestic cleaning was 41.2% and 17.5% respectively. Respiratory complications had a significant relationship with job (p=0.009), socio-economical statues (p=0.03) ignoring of the sefety rules regarding the storing of detersents and poor ventilation of the storing places (p=0.04).Women who mixed detergents without gloves had a higher rate of dermatitis (p=0.000).Conclusion: Handling of household detergents may expose women to the adverse physical and chemical effects of detergents which could be a serious public health concern.