More than necessary attention has been given to methods of translation skills in literary texts, and its emphasis on transmission in reading and writing as a primary necessity of language teaching. This method has now as a teaching mode gradually come under critical attack. Changes and reforms of the 20thc. and its effects upon the goals of education required a new method to meet the taste of language learners and also fulfill the requirements of teaching goals. By using study phonetics as a branch of linguistics and the priority given to listening and speaking in language teaching, a new method by the name of Direct Learning has been set up. This method has so far been used in conventional teaching classes. This paper aims to present a comparative analysis between Direct learning in the conventional system and Direct learning in electronical approach.

The computational method based on using the operational matrix of an orthogonal function for solving variational problems is computer-oriented. In this approach, a truncated Hartley series together with the operational matrix of integration and integration of the cross product of two case vectors are used for finding the solution of variational problems. Two illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.

Light spectrum is one of the environmental cues that influence plant growth and development. Light is a stimulating factor for induction of somatic embryos during tissue culture practices. To accelerate the Direct embryogenesis, six different light spectra including: white (W), red (R), blue (B), green (G), red + blue (R+B) and red + far red (R+FR) together with dark condition (D), in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) in four concentrations (0, 0. 5, 1. 5 and 3 mg L-1) were used. Inter-simple sequence repeat was used for identification and genetic stability analysis of somatic regenerated plantlets. Intact protocorm explants showed higher potential for Direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) than the other explants. The rate of DSE was highly dependent on the concentration of TDZ and its interaction with light spectra. R and R + FR spectra with 3 mg L-1 TDZ on intact protocorms and R+FR with 3 mg L-1 TDZ were efficient treatments to induce DSE without somaclonal variation. G light spectrum has also significant effects on DSE of protocorm explants. The amplified products showed 26 scorable bands and regenerates were completely identical to the mother plant. In conclusion, this protocol provides way to regenerate plants through embryogenesis, and is a reliable protocol to obtain proper development and genetic stable Phalaenopsis embryos.

Type and level of starter cultures are tow important factors influence the quality of concentrated yoghurt. The effects of type (CH1 and YC-380) and level (2,4 and 6%) of starter cultures on the sensory properties of concentrated yoghurt that produced by concentration of milk using a vacuum evaporator to 2 levels of total solids were studied. Results showed that the flavour and texture scores of samples that were prepared with YC-380 were significantly higher than those were prepared with CH1. Increasing the level of CH1 to 4% improved the acceptability of all samples but had no significant effect in the samples with higher levels.

Direct ophthalmoscopy is a medical examination used in emergency departments and clinics to diagnose important systematic diseases and screen chronic diseases. Despite the importance of this examination, studies have shown that medical staff is not enough enabled perform it. In this article, we will discuss the novel medical simulation that helps to learn how to examine patients' eyes with a Direct ophthalmoscope. This cutting-edge technology is designed to mimic details of the human eye in various pathological conditions with providing realistic and immersive experiences for users. Helps medical students and medical staff to practice repeatably Direct ophthalmoscopy in different diseases.

In this paper, we propose Direct methods to solve linear delay di erential equations (LDDEs) based on vector forms of Block-Pulse Functions (BPFs) and Triangular Functions (TFs). Operational matrix of integration of BPFs and TFs is applied to transform LDDE to a linear system of algebraic equations. Furthermore, some numerical examples are presented to indicate the reliability and the accuracy of these methods. Convergence analysis of the present method has been discussed, too.