Requirements engineering (RE) is often seen as an essential facet in software development. It is a vital process before each project starts. In the context of systems engineering, an understanding and application of systems theory and practice is also relevant to RE. The contexts in which RE takes place habitually involve human activities. Therefore, RE needs to be sensitive to how people perceive and understand the world around them, how they interact, and how the sociology of the workplace affects their actions. This paper will propose a new approach in requirements elicitation process by considering the human intervention in each activity involve with the development process. Web application development requires proper elicitation process because it has its own distinctive features.Without proper elicitation process, the requirements will turn to be inaccurate and incomplete thus will increase the ambiguity. Therefore, this paper will examine the role of the activity theory in order to decrease the impact of the said problems or to avoid them. Some analysis will be made over the theory in order to discover its sustainability in promoting and maintaining the quality of the requirements, with the aim to underline better way of eliciting the requirements for the Web application.

This article examines the applieability of Tsui's (1995) framework of conversational structure, particularly in regards to different subcategories of elicitations and their comparison in English and Persian. The data for the study are elicitation questions taken from three modern English plays and three modern Persian plays. 698 instances of elicitation questions were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that Tsui's model as well as her classification of elicitations which is basically function-based can account for the data.

Despite the great advances in Service Oriented Architecture in recent years, it is still facing a number of challenges. One of the main challenges of this architecture is the extraction and identification of services and compliance of identified services with business goals of the organization. In this paper, a method is presented to solve the problems noncompliance of services with the objectives of the organizations. In this method, after identification of the services, the tree of goals is produced and the target–service matrix is created. By examining this matrix, two important issues are determined. First, lack of coverage of organization targets by the identified services and second, non compatibility of identified services with organizational goals. The method proposed in this paper can be used for ensuring compliance of services with organizational goals.

Discovering Communities is a fundamental problem in understanding network performance for social network analysis. Traditional community detection methods merely consider the network topologies. Nonetheless, social media contains valuable data about people's interests, concerns, and sentiments, which is not reflected in the structure. The semantic solutions eventuate to the mislay of precious structural information. Most existing combinatorial methods favor one of the mentioned kinds and have limited performance. This paper introduces a 2-phase way based on fuzzy inferences to determine effective social network communities.  A series of real-life and synthetic networks have been used to evaluate the proposed method compared with several relevant algorithms. The experimental results proved that the proposed approach performs better in detecting meaningful communities and is more effective concerning network coherence and node attributes.

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the perceptions of employees on the eve of retirement of the electricity industry about retirement to achieve a deeper understanding. Accordingly, using Zaltman's metaphorical extraction technique, the cognitive structures of employees have been studied and analyzed. The study participants were 12 people and were selected among the employees on the verge of retirement in the electricity industry using the concept sampling method. Then individuals were asked to select images for the interview session that they considered to mean retirement. In the interview session, questions related to the images were asked and then the answers were analyzed in order to discover the concepts. A total of sixteen structures were extracted, including "inevitable", "starting again", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge", "separation from work and loss of role", "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests", "Freedom and release from the cage" and "Emotional deprivation" were identified as the main structures in the consensus plan. According to the consensus plan, "start again", "separation from work and lack of role" and "inevitable", causal structures, "emotional deprivation", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge" and "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests" were considered as affected structures. The consensus map shows that the organization should take into account the relationships between structures, while strengthening the positive mentalities, change the negative mentalities of employees on the verge of retirement, and repair the retirement challenges associated with it.