Story of Joseph and Zulcikha is one of the most interesting stories of Quran which has intrigued writers and poets to publish about this story. Khavari is among poets who have boasted their ability to versify this story. On the other hand in order to elaborate on the life and character of Jacob Quran has to be the basic source. In a comparison of Khavari’s book with Quran and Almizan it becomes obvious that the poet has referred to Quran and taken into consideration all the historical and ethical details to versify this story. The present article compares and studies the story of Joseph and Zuleikha in three different resources namely Quran, Almizan and Khavaris book.

In order to create a fair and neutral position Rawls disregards the psychological features such as altruism and envy that might influence the establishment of the principle of justice. It is however worth noting that in this process Rawls takes the principle of mutually disinterested principle in original position for granted. Robert Nozick as Rawls's intellectual rival who is among the founders of the libertarian school criticizes Rawls on the ground that Rawls's initiation not only is not fair and neutral it is not in fact conformant to the human's nature. Removal of envy from the original position is regarded as indefensible by Nozick because he believes that all features and qualifications of human nature should be considered in a political theory. However, Nozick claims that envy is not completely absent in Rawls's theory. He believes that the principle of difference introduces envy to Rawls's theory. This article examines Nozick's criticisms and analyses his defense of the essentiality of envy in the development of a theory of justice. It also investigates whether Rawls's theory of justice will itself create the envy. The methodological framework employed in this paper for the examination of the views of Rawls and Nozick is comparison and analysis of the content.

Søren Kierkegaard (1803-1855), nineteenth century Danish thinker, is mostly known for his deliberation on individual human life in connection with Christian faith. However, next to this context, Kierkegaard also gives an account on social or civil life, although his account on this issue is less known in comparison to the former one. The present paper is trying to investigate Kierkegaard's account of civil life, from a particular point of view. First, an account will be given of the phenomenon of envy and its various kinds, as it is treated in Kierkegaard's literature. then, the way in which, Kierkegaard considers the whole route of western philosophy-from the beginning of the New Age to the Hegelian System-as a representation of what he calls "the Age of Reflection", and opposes to "the Age of Revolution", will be pointed out. Also this will be shown that how Kierkegaard-in opposition to Hegel-does not consider "speculation" as a way out of reflection, but in fact, its completion. Finally and by focusing on the phenomenon of envy, Kierkegaard's critique of the Age of Reflection will be explained, and his account of the two sides of this particular age, i. e. its threatening and liberating sides, will be studied.

Jealousy is one of the negative and unpleasant emotions that an individual may experience, and it inflicts the greatest harm upon the envious person themselves. An envious individual is one who wishes for the blessings of others to diminish. As a morally reprehensible trait, envy has long been reflected in Persian language and literature. Iranian poets and writers, as moral guides and teachers of humanity, have utilized this theme to enumerate its detrimental effects. Rumi (Mawlana), in his role as a profound teacher of the 7th century AH, addressed this characteristic extensively. Conversely, the science of psychology, which concerns itself with the virtues, vices, excesses, and deficiencies of human behavior, has also shown considerable interest in this subject. Alfred Adler, the renowned psychiatrist, is among the scholars who have produced valuable work in this area. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and an interdisciplinary approach, this article evaluates the perspectives of Rumi and Adler—two thinkers who examined this phenomenon in different eras and contexts. Among the findings of this research is the common belief shared by both in the root of jealousy: the feeling of inferiority. IntroductionEnvy is one of the negative and unpleasant emotions humans have faced throughout history, suffering its disagreeable consequences. In essence, envy is a troublesome force that creates difficulties for both the envious individual and the object of their envy. The primary focus of this article is to investigate the causes and psychological roots of envy within the jealous individual. According to standard dictionary definitions, an envious person not only experiences distress at witnessing another's good fortune but also actively desires the diminishment or destruction of that blessing and may devote effort toward that end. Considering the universality of envy as a fundamental human concern, research on the subject spans multiple disciplines. The topic has received significant attention within literary texts, psychology, religious studies, and mysticism. This article investigates the theme of envy across two domains: Persian literature and psychology. Within Persian literature, the motif of envy is extensively reflected. This study specifically examines the perspective of Rumi among classical Persian poets and writers. From the field of psychological theory, it analyzes the views of Alfred Adler. Both Rumi and Adler share common ground regarding the underlying causes and roots of jealousy, as well as potential approaches for its remedy. This article examines the concept of envy—its causes, psychological roots, and potential remedies—from the distinct perspectives of the poet and mystic Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (7th century AH) within Persian literature, and the psychologist Alfred Adler (1870–1937) within the field of individual psychology. Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī, known as Rūmī, was a 7th-century AH poet and mystic. His Masnavi-ye Ma'navi stands as his magnum opus, a work that engages with the full spectrum of contemporary sciences and spiritual thought. Alfred Adler (1870–1937) was an Austrian-Hungarian ophthalmologist, psychiatrist, and neurologist, best known as the founder of the school of individual psychology. Some of his works are as follows: The Practice and Theory of Personal Psychology (1924)Understanding Human Nature (1927)Pattern of Life (1930)The Science of Living (1930)Social Interest: A Challenge to Mankind (1933)This article first presents a general overview of the concept of envy. It then separately outlines the theories of Rumi and Adler regarding its nature and etiology in humans. The analysis reveals a significant point of convergence between the two thinkers in identifying the root cause of envy. Subsequently, remedies and treatments for envy from Rumi’s perspective are examined. The article concludes by synthesizing and comparing Rumi’s insights with Adler’s psychological theory on the subject. Literature ReviewSo far, there has been no independent research based on the opinions of these two characters, Rumi and Adler regarding jealousy. But below are some works that are similar to this topic: Arab, A., and Haghpanah, Y. (2011): Relying on Adler's school of psychology, the authors try to analyze Saalik's poems with an Adlerian approach, based on the proliferation of humiliation in the sick structure of power, which indicates the creation of an inferiority complex and, as a result, a feeling of inferiority. Al-Ghazali, M. (2009): In the second volume of this book, the author has devoted a section to jealousy and its harms and its treatment. Golestani Bakht, T. Zamani (Allah daad), M., & Rahmani Farshbaf, S. (2018: In this article, the author has examined the issue of inferiority complex and compensating for inferiority, which is one of the topics of Adlerian psychology, in Kleider's novel. Golizadeh, P., and Kianchi, N. (2012): This research, by using the concepts of psychology and mythology, is focused on revealing some mysterious aspects of Masnavi Manavi. The psychological analysis of the story of the Romans and the Chinese based on Freud's theories of the individual unconscious, Jung's collective unconscious and archetype of the self, and Jung's and Adler's psychological complexes has been considered in this research. Hemmati, M., and Shirvani Shiri, A. (2021): In this article, the conceptualization of envy in the Holy Qur'an and the origin and consequences of this vice in the individual and social dimensions have been discussed. Ibn Moskawieh, A. (2002): In this book, Ibn Moskawieh has discussed issues related to self-improvement and ways to achieve good morals. Kaluzna Wielobob, A. Wlodzimierz, S., and Jan, C. (2020). Community feeling and Narcissism as two opposite phenomena, Zurich open repository and archive, university of Zurich. This research is a test to measure the link between narcissism and Adler's speciesism theory. Mohammadi, F. (2021): In this article, the author has examined the story of the Jewish king and minister in the Masnavi of Rumi from the psychological point of view of cognitive error and the problems that the bipolar fundamentalist mentality creates in the analysis of problems, which is one of the psychological issues. Mohebi, A (2011): In this thesis, the researcher has investigated the issue of envy from the perspective of Rumi. Anderson, R. E. (2002): The author proves with practical reasons and arguments that clinical studies on jealousy and narrow-mindedness represent biophysical patterns, including the mental, perceptual, cognitive, emotional and intentional functions of these two mental states. Shahabi, A. Sotodian, M. Mohseni, A. Rajabi, M. (2013): In this article, the authors have compared the issue of envy from Saadi's point of view with Adler's view on the issue of envy. Tusi, N. (1985): In this book, Khajah Nasir-al-din Tusi, one of the Iranian scientists, has discussed the causes of envy and its treatment method in a part of the book titled "In the treatment of mental diseases and. . . ". MethodologyThis article constitutes a fundamental-theoretical study conducted using a comparative analytical method. Each topic was examined and analyzed separately from the perspectives of Rūmī and Adler. The research is based on library studies, utilizing note-taking techniques and the index card method for data collection, the findings were subsequently classified and analyzed. Given that the foundational knowledge of both Persian literature and psychology has been integral to the development of this article, its findings are relevant for students and researchers in both disciplines. DiscussionMaulana Jalaluddin Balkhi and Alfred Adler each investigated the concept of envy and the causes of its creation in their own period and field and found its roots. Rumi mentioned several factors as effective factors in the formation of envy, and avoiding these characteristics can be a cure for this reprehensible trait. Among the factors that Rumi considered to be effective in causing envy, one can mention the feeling of lack and inferiority, comparison, forbidden morsel and lack of love. Rumi has also mentioned the consequences for a jealous person, which include avoiding God's mercy and losing the ability to distinguish between good and evil and right and wrong, and preventing them from reaching perfection. Rumi has also mentioned remedies to remove the feeling of jealousy in a jealous person. Among them: humility, avoiding comparison, feeling contentment, and feeling grateful. Alfred Adler, like Rumi, has considered the root of envy in feeling of inferiority, lack and comparison. ConclusionIn any detailed investigation of an issue, reaching its root cause is a prerequisite for understanding its depth and formulating a treatment plan. Through their respective examinations of the concept, results, and consequences of envy, both Rūmī and Adler identified its psychological origin in humans. Despite the significant temporal, geographical, and cultural distance between them, they arrived at a strikingly convergent conclusion regarding the source of envy. Both thinkers located its source in a sense of lack and self-deprecation. According to their theories, feelings of inferiority and deficiency in an individual can engender envy. Envy may also arise from the act of comparing oneself with others while overlooking one’s own inherent capacities and blessings.

Human soul is under the influence of various factors during his material life and on some occasions, being deviated and digressed from the moderation path he will degenerate others, too. One of the most destructive carnal diseases about human is envy. Envy includes the potentiality of destroying human worship and servitude; as it did with Satan. One of the educational aims of the Holy Quran, due to the word of God, is “a balm for that which is in the breasts” i.e. treatment of the carnal diseases of human. Revolving around monotheism and worship, the Holy Quran proposes a model of soul treatment against diseases such as envy. Knowledge promotion, modeling in the form of stories and allegories, the promise of paradise and hell, taking refuge in God, change of will, operational strategies like being benevolent to others, and hardship are among the treatment methods of envy within the Holy Quran’s ethical system presented on the basis of monotheism and worship. Applying an analytic approach, the paper intends to analyze the Quranic model of treating envy and, through this perspective, to achieve a systematic and innovative model of treatment while focusing on monotheism and worship in comparison to other schools.

"Inner education" or "exploratory education" is based on human nature and is one of the purest education methods that has received a lot of attention in the contemporary period.  Modern educational psychologists consider this method as one of the most effective educational methods. Mystics in Persian literature have also paid special attention to education based on nature. Maulavi pays special attention to the principle of "education" in his spiritual Masnavi. Education in the Masnavi is one of the concepts that Rumi wanted to internalize in order to institutionalize it in the existence of humans - along with matters such as God, knowledge, conduct, and acts of worship. This article aims at investigating the dimensions of inner education in Maulavi's Masnawi, and seeks to answer this question: What are the most important components of inner education which the thinkers and psychologists of education have also emphasized in the spiritual Masnawi? In doing so, the authors have analyzed the components of inner education in six books of Mawlawi's masnavis by using a descriptive-analytical method. According to the results of the research, the emphasis on the language of action, the gradualness of education, not imitating, wealth of deprivation, eliminating instead of presenting, anti-habit and paying attention to individual differences are among the most important components of internal education in Masnavi that their details and topics of which are analyzed in separate axes.

In today's organizations, considering the bureaucracies and the competitive atmosphere that exists, attention to the feelings of people, especially the feeling of jealousy at work is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of envy at work on employees' deviant behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is a survey-descriptive in terms of collecting data. The statistical population of Isfahan Steel Technic Co. employees was used by simple random sampling. To analyze the collected data and to conduct the research, PLS 2. 0 software was used. The statistical population consisted of 300 executives and experts of Isfahan Steel Technique Co., and 90 people were evaluated using simple random sampling for analysis. PLS 2. 0 software was used for conducting the research. The results indicate that jealousy at work and its components have a positive and significant effect on deviant behavior. Since jealousy at work causes deviant behaviors in the organization and cause damage to the organization's core body, attention to employees' feelings, such as jealousy, is important. Therefore, the organization and management, taking into account the system of proper performance evaluation and considering the equal conditions of each person's performance is properly investigated and the results presented to everyone so that if there is any ambiguity to prevent any behavior that could harm the organization in the future. Management can, by organizing the organization's culture, tell employees that everyone has the ability and skills to compete with others instead of jealousy and move in one direction in order for the organization to succeed. Controlling the sense of jealousy at a reasonable level can be in the best interest of the organization so that employees can compete with each other to increase productivity, and if they do not pay attention to the feeling of jealousy, employees may be in violation of their partner's failure and it leads to the organization's failure to compete.

The purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting employees envy in the workplace and to examine the concept of employees envy in the workplace and its consequences. The purpose of this study was qualitative, based on thematic analysis and using interviewing tools with an exploratory and semi-structured approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts from the staff units of National Iranian Oil Company That had at least five years of experience in the organization. The sampling method was judged by snowball sampling and interviewed by 19 experts. Triangulation strategy was used for accreditation. Two methods of reliability test (stability index) and intra-subject agreement were used to measure reliability, which were 84% and 86%, respectively. After analyzing the data, individual factors, organizational injustice, cultural factors, administrative and managerial factors, political factors and structural factors were identified as the "contributing factors"; emotional, cognitive and behavioral factors were determined as "components" and personal, interpersonal, group, and organizational outcomes have been identified and discussed as "employees envy outcomes" in the workplace.