One of the well-known poets at the late tenth and the early eleventh centuries (17 and 18th AD centuries) is Abusaeed Kamaleddin Sahabi Najafi ESTAR Abadi, who is considered as one of spiritual masters and leading mystical figures rather than his religious lofty position. He is mainly famous because of versification of some quatrains, which included mystical, moral, philosophical and religious thoughts. His quatrains draw more attention than those governing thoughts over them and they are not so significant from aesthetic perspective and form intricacies. At this article, we have dealt with stylistics in his quatrains.

this paper proposes a new unit root test against the alternative of symmetric or asymmetric exponential smooth transition autoregressive (AESTAR) nonlinearity that accounts for multiple smooth breaks. We provide small sample properties which indicate the test statistics have good empirical size and power. Also, we compared small sample properties of the test statistics with Christopoulos and Leon-Ledesma (2010) test. The results indicate that our unit root test approach is superior to the test method of Christopoulos and Leon-Ledesma (2010) for both transition parameters (i. e. slow and fast speed), and the test power increases along with the frequency. We apply our test statistics for examining the real interest rate parity hypothesis among OECD countries.

In this study, the energy spectrum of beta-nickel 63 is considered as the total energy spectrum, average energy of the spectrum, and maximum spectral energy for analyzing the penetration depth of silicon. Monte Carlo calculations were carried out using a MCNPX code in a given geometry; in the following, Stopping-Power for electrons with different energies in silicon was calculated using the ESTAR computational code. The results are in good agreement. Also can be used in the design of semiconductor detectors and nuclear dosimeters.

How to Cite this article Radiation damages have destructive effects on the electronic components of satellites. Due to financial reasons and the presence of different restrictions, the utilization of commercial components ended up common in short-term and low-altitude missions. The most effective method of protection against radiation is the use of shields. The results of calculations obtained from PSTAR and ESTAR software show that in case heavier metals are utilized, the energy range of particles to stop increases. The result of SHIELDOSE, MULASSIS, PSTAR, and ESTAR software calculations is that the amount of thickness of different materials for the radiation tolerance of commercial parts does not differ much in terms of condensation thickness. Also, there is no need for complex protection and it can be used for usual protections. The maximum thickness required for the radiation tolerance of commercial parts is 0.5 mm from the combination of Aluminum and Tantalum. In order to achieve the best result considering the mass budget, it is better to use polyethylene material. From the results of the calculations to change the permutations of the aluminum and polyethylene shields, it can be concluded that it is better to have the first layer of polyethylene and the next layer of Aluminum.

Polycarbonate-bismuth oxide composite has been used as a beta-ray sensor in the previous works. Calculation of two main quantities namely stopping power and range of electrons in this material can be useful to evaluate the optimal thickness of the sensor. Thus, in this study, the range of electrons and stopping power of polycarbonate/bismuth oxide composite for several pure beta-emitters were estimated using the ESTAR program. Simulation findings indicated that the amount of concentration of the heavy metal oxide particles into the composite is an important factor to determine the range and stopping power of the electrons. Also, in the experimental phase, the response of the 50 wt% nanocomposite with thickness of 1 mm against the beta-rays of the P-32 source at the average energy of 695 keV in different activities was measured using an electrometer at a constant voltage of 800 V. Results showed that the response of the sample ranging from 4 to 6 mCi was linear with R2= 0.9757.

The stock price indices are indispensable variables in economic systems, these usually complicated time series are almost stochastic, and hence their variation is assumed unpredictable. For this purpose, nonlinear and predictable examinations are used to test the existence of determined chaotic trend and nonlinear process in daily time series of Tehran’s stock index from 1387/4/8 to 1392/7/10.The results reflect that sign test proves the non-stochastic nature of price index. The BDS’ results and those of sign test show that stock price index follows a nonlinear process. The independence tests like BDS test, White test, Chow test, test the correlation between observations in which the results are affirmative. Moreover, the cointegration-adjusted tests are used for testing the chaotic process of the price index and the results of both are affirmative. For predicting the stock price index in ongoing periods, we have used ARFIMA, FIGARCH, LSTAR, and ESTAR. Among those models, which examine the existence of long run memory in stock price index, FIGARCH, which tests the long run memory and variance, has the most capacity of accurate prediction. Among the nonlinear models, ESTAR has the most capacity. At the last, prediction is reported for ten periods with the one head process.

In an electron curtain accelerator, when the electron beam passes through the titanium exit window of the accelerator chamber, X-ray photons are produced as a negative by-product of retarding accelerated electrons. Controlling the produced X-ray photons to avoid their detrimental effects or in fact, proper shielding of the accelerator is an important issue that has to be considered in the use of electron accelerators. In this work, based on the proposed geometry for a certain electron curtain accelerator, and using the MCNP4C code, the bremsstrahlung X-ray dose due to the collision of an electron beam with constant current of 50 mA and various energies within 100 ~ 300 keV energy range with the 13 µ m-thick titanium foil were simulated. The results indicate a reduction in the bremsstrahlung X-ray dose from 685 Gy to 176 Gy per unit time for an increase in the electron beam energy from 100 keV to 300 keV. Moreover, the simulated values of the simulated radiation stopping power by the MCNP4C for the mentioned increase in beam energy, showed an increasing trend from 0. 012 MeV. cm2/g to 0. 021 MeV. cm2/g. The maximum and minimum percent deviation of the simulation and theoretical radiation stopping power were 33% and 3%, respectively. The energy loss due to Bremsstrahlung X-rays for an electron passing through a 13-μ m thick titanium foil in the energy range of 100 ~ 300 keV, was calculated to be 7. 19×10-2 up to 12. 44×10-2 keV. In addition, based on the simulated results obtained for the accelerator shield using the MCNP4C code, the optimum thickness of the lead shield for the maximum electron energy of 300 keV, was found to be 2. 5 cm.

Consumption of whole-wheat breads prepared from high extraction flours is recommended because of their high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Despite the beneficial effects of these breads, they contain high amounts of undesirable compounds like Phytic Acid (PA) which is believed to negatively interfere with the absorption of some such nutrients as zinc (Zn). Wheat genotypes are different in their PA and Zn concentrations; therefore, cereal-based foods may be prepared using grains of low PA and high Zn. Fars Province is ranked first in Iran in terms of wheat production. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the PA and Zn status of the wheat cultivars common in the province. Seventeen wheat cultivars obtained from Genotype Improvement Department of Fars Agricultural Research Center, Zarghan, Iran were employed in the study. These cultivars that are commonly used by local farmers were grown in test plots under identical conditions. A wheat grain sample from Parvardeh Wheat Milling Factory and 7 bread flour samples from Shiraz city's bakeries were also included in the study. The PA content and phytase activity of the grains either with or without bran as well as those of the flour samples were determined. Results showed that the method of grain debranning significantly affectted the concentration of PA and phytase activity. The least phytic acid was found in Pavarus and Niknejad cultivars. The PA to Zn molar ratios were highest in Falat, Niknejad and Shiraz cultivars. The highest concentration of Zn was observed in ESTAR, Falat, and Niknejad, while maximum phytase activity was found in cultivars ESTAR, S-78-11, S-79-10, and Niknejad.

The aim of this study was to illustrate a historical and revolutionary linguistic etymology of “ Ostura” regarding the same other words as Persian “ ESTAReh” , Hebrew “ ESTAR” and Sami Aramic “ ESTAR” , “ Eshtar” , “ Athtar” . There are various theories about myth and its function in the literature of nations and its influence in disciplines such as psychology, literature, criticism, religions and history. The study also depicts the connection between myth and Greek mythology and words such as story or history. The present research is different from other researches in terms of the recognition of the beliefs of western scientists about Ostura from a positivism evolutionary historical point of view and Darwinism historical process. In no other researches there is a clear and decisive view on the etymology of the myth, its signification, its true meaning at the beginning, and its place in ancient Iran and especially its connection with similar words. The results of the study show that since history has a close relationship with star and astronomy, Osturas are as well star mappings that represent the existence of resting stars in the very beginning of the history and also a recorder of the appearance of moving stars according to traditional human being. Therefore Ostura is found in a lot of star samples which are sun-born, moon-born or star-born. Moreover, it represents heavenly house of the gods and Ziggurats which are the eternal house of the immortal gods. This indicator is clearly seen in the name of the city which was built by Keyumars, that is, Babel (Bab+el/eel), which means Gates of the gods.

The main objective of this study is to answer this important and basic question whether demand management policies can affect the energy consumption in Iran economy or not? Energy consumption management policies will be effective only if the energy consumption time series contains a unit root or in other words if it is nonstationary. When the energy consumption variable is stationary the effect of shocks to the variable will be temporary and vanish after a few periods. In this regard, we can answer the main question of this study using the unit root tests. The main problem with conventional unit root tests like ADF, … is that when there is a structural break or nonlinearities like asymmetric adjustment in the underlying series these tests can result in incorrect results. Consequently, in this paper instead of conventional tests like ADF we have used three alternative tests including Zivot and Andrews (1992), Lee and Strazicich (2003) and Kapetanios et al. (2003). The first two, incorporate structural break in unit root test and the latter assumes nonlinear exponential smooth transition autoregressive (ESTAR) process as an alternative in the unit root test. In this paper we have used annual data for per capita energy consumption (in Residential, Industry, Transportation, Agriculture sectors and overall economy) over the 1967-2016 period. The results show that the energy consumption in Residential sector is stationary which means that the energy consumption management policies have no permanent effect on energy consumption in this sector. On the other hand, based on ZA, LS and ESTAR test results, the energy consumption in the Industry, Transportation, Agriculture sectors and overall economy are all nonstationary and shocks to energy consumption have longrun and permanent effect in these sectors.