Objective. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces a number of toxins which can cause various diseases. Staphylococcal entertoxins (SEs) include of nine different serological type of toxins. Some are heat stable enterotoxins and some cause gastroenteritis after consumption of contaminated food. The most important enterotoxin serotypes ate A and B because they are heat stable and lead to gastroenteroenteritis. In addition, SEs B may be transmited via both oral and aspirational. Materials and Methods. In this research we used dialysis bag culture methods for toxin production. Toxin was percipitated by amonium sulfate. The reaction between toxin and antitoxin was studied by SRTD. Conclusion. The biological effect of the toxins was evaluated. Treatment of kittens with sub lethal does of the toxin.

Background and Objective: The main cause of spreading staphylococcal infections among patients is the healthy carriers working in hospitals. With the secretion of different sorts of toxins such as entrotoxin, this bacteria can provide the conditions for attacking on the host. The main objective of this study is identification of the characteristics and differences in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy carriers and from the patients on the basis of enterotoxin genes (sea-see).Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty of the patients and 80 of healthy carriers worked in health centers of Gorgan, north of Iran, were investigated for S. aureus isolate. The isolates were evaluated by PCR for Enterotoxin Genes A-E (SEA to SEE).Results: Enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEE) was found in 87.5% of the total isolates and the most frequent one was enterotoxin gene sea (N=124). The prevalence of these isolates in healthy carriers was significantly higher than those of the patients.Conclusion: Based on the results, the high percentage of S. aureus isolated from clinical samples contains enterotoxin genes. Therefore, Human as the source and carrier of S. aureus is paramount importance, which is due to significant relationship between being toxigenic strains and the source of isolation.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens that produces a wide range of toxins and causes various diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxin is the most common cause of food poisoning. In addition, S. aureus enterotoxins are classified into 18 serotypes A to U based on serological and biological properties. Methods: The samples were isolated from clinical specimens and identified by routine bacteriological methods. The isolated S. aureus was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the genes encoding SEA and SEA. Results: Based on the PCR results, 3 isolates possessed the enterotoxins B (SEB) gene while none of them showed enterotoxins A (SEA) gene. Conclusions: The obtained results revealed that the clinical samples might be a potential source of the enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus.

Background and objectives: Staphylococcus aureus has known as one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the world. The survey of contamination to S. aureus enterotoxin and detection of current types in high consumption foods is very important. The aim of this study was to survey of high consumption prepared meaty foods to S. aureus enterotoxin types in one of the military centers in Tehran, Iran.Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 96 samples of four types of high meaty foods were collected randomly in one of Tehran's military centers and after counting the number of bacteria in the samples. The most common types of enterotoxin were by serological method. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests.Results: In this study, 85.4% of raw food and 12.5% of cooked food were contaminated with excessive standard respectively and contamination to S. aureus enterotoxin was confirmed in 9.57% of the samples. Also A (56%) and D (44%) were determined as the most common enterotoxin types. The most contamination rate to enterotoxin was observed in 25% and 16.7% in raw Kebab and cooked Kofteh respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that some served foods in this military center have high contamination that can threaten employee’s health. Training of staffs in preparing and distributing food and control of health authorities can be effective in reduce of food contaminating.

Objective: The role of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food poisoning is well known, however its role in other diseases remains to be explored. The aim of this study is the molecular screening and characterization of the SEB gene in clinically isolated strains.Materials and Methods: In this experimentally study, 300 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains isolated from clinical samples were assayed. The isolated strains were confirmed by conventional bacteriological methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the enterotoxin B (ent B) gene. Assessment of toxin production in all strains that contained the ent B gene was then performed. Finally, using specific antibody against SEB, a Western-blot was applied to confirm detection of enterotoxin B production.Results: Results indicated that only 5% of the 300 clinically isolated S. aureus contained the ent B gene. All strains which contained the ent B gene produced a proteinous enterotoxin B. The results of sequence determination of the PCR product were compared with the gene bank database and 98% similarity was achieved. The results of the Western-blot confirmed that enterotoxin B was produced in strains that contained the ent B gene.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that 5% of clinically isolated S. aureus strains produce enterotoxin B. Considering that the enterotoxin B is an important superantigen, it is possible that a delay in diagnosis and lack of early proper treatment can cause an incidence of late complications, particularly in staphylococcal chronic infections. For this reason, it is suggested that in addition to detecting bacteria, an enterotoxin B detection test should be performed to control its toxigenicity.