In the context of modern commerce, franchise agreements is a mode of distributing goods or services based on network of independent partners, whose distinct but combined efforts have proved that franchising can increase the power and efficiency of this distribution.In developed countries almost everyone is familiar with the term franchising, or has at least had some contact with the products or services offered by franchises. But in our country this term 'only is unknown for people but also for majority of trader and lawyer is too strange. What is franchising? How does it work? And why, over the last 10 to 20 years, has franchising become the fastest growing way of doing business in developed countries? This article in, first section, endeavours to answer the questions posed above and provide the reader with a basic understanding of haw franchising works. It will discuss the benefits given by a franchise, and some disadvantages of this almost new legal phenomenon. In second section of this paper franchise agreement would be consider in perspective of EC competition law.

In business format franchising agreements, Franchisee, while dependent to other party of the contract (Franchisor), follows the method of business belonging to Franchisor. Franchisee use of the system leads to many obligations such as payment of franchise fees, secrecy of Know how, non competition and making available all necessary factors to use the system. Irrespective of the Law which governs the contract, franchisor always focuses on laws governing franchise agreement in hosting country. Because of different laws affecting the franchise contract and particular nature of some contractual terms pertaining to Franchisee obligations, in some cases contract clauses related to Franchisee obligations are in contradiction with local laws of Franchisee country. This conflict can amount to either invalidity of the contractual term or posing a limitation on its way of performance.

The Obligation to disclose essential information is important either in theoretical and practical approach. This means that in order to enjoy the necessary knowledge to achieve decision-making and formation of contract, the information that is effective to create legal consent should be revealed to the opposite side. In Franchise agreement; violation of this obligation that is one of accessories and necessities in good faith negotiation process, contract conclusion and implementation of contract have a great effect on relations of the parties to the contract. This article also analyzes purview and remedies of the violation of that obligation in Iranian legal system.

One of contract which is being naturally concluded after appearance and registration of Intellectual Property rights and especially after development of trade marks legal rights and its importance is Franchise Contracts. Franchise Contract is a contract which is concluded between the Franchisor as owner of intellectual property rights, on one hand and franchisee on the other hand which is normally considered for using trade marks legal rights and sometimes for other intellectual property rights related to the franchisor for a limited and determined period of time which is usually 5 years. This contract includes detailed terms & conditions. With attention to this contract is new and absence that in laws of iran, laws nature of this contract is determining of its law traces.

Introduction: Franchising is one of the dominant strategic methods for international strategies. In franchise method, the franchiser agrees for franchisee to use the franchisers brand, product, etc. in exchange of fees. This method is one of the key strategic methods (Leek and Christedoulides, 2014) for internationalization. The quality of relationship between the two business partners play a key role for franchising success. The quality of relationship has three dimensions including trust, commitment and satisfaction (Athanasopoulou, 2009). This research focuses on this important issue in international strategy. More specifically we will discuss the brand value, quality of relationship and brand citizenship behavior. According to the literature, the specific value of brand includes: quality of relationship, the brand image and the brand loyalty (Nyadzayo et al, 2016). The quality of relationship itself, has two dimensions including brand trust and commitment (Kim et al, 2002). The brand citizenship behavior includes seven dimensions namely, brand consideration, brand enthusiasm, sportsmanship, brand endorsement, self-development, and brand advancement (Nyadzayo, et al, 2016). Theoretical framework and literature review: In this research we synthesized the literature and developed the conceptual framework of the research. Sehat et al (1393) in their research entitled “ customer’ s loyalty improvement, based on relational marketing” concluded that, enthusiasm in brand has strong impact on customer’ s loyalty. Erkmen and Hancer (2014) investigated the role of trust in branding. Rezgani (1993) has also investigated the relationship between salesforces behavior and trust in marketing. Asadpoor (1392) also concluded that long-term compare to short-term relationship has meaningful effect on perception of brand and loyalty. Therefore, in this research we developed the following hypothesis: H1: Quality of relations has significant and positive effect on brand citizenship behavior. H2a: Brand citizenship behavior has positive and significant effect on value of relations. H2b: Brand citizenship behavior has positive effect on brand’ s image. H2c: Brand citizenship behavior has positive effect on the brand’ s commitment. H3: Brand’ s citizenship behavior as mediating variable has positive effect on the relationship between quality of relations and special value of brand. H4: Franchise competence moderates the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior components through behavior. H5: Duration of relationship moderates the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior components through behavior. Methodology: This is an applied research using survey as research design. It is a quantitative research. The data has been collected using questionnaire. The sample has been drawn from the companies operating in home appliances manufacturing industry. In total 268 completed questionnaires have been collected. Prior to distribution of the questionnaires we conducted a pilot study. The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire have been tested. The internal consistent of the constructs have been verified by calculating Cronbach Alfa (quality of relations α = 0. 71, brand’ s citizenship behavior α = 0. 89, special value of brand α = 0. 90 and the franchiser’ s competence α = 0. 87). We conducted the data analysis in three levers. First, the descriptive analysis helped us to analyze variables individually to get a broad picture of the distribution of the data. Then we conducted bivariate analysis to test the correlation between the variables. Then we conducted multi-regression analysis using structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis. The findings of the research: The data has been analyzed in three levels. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed that most of the respondents were female. Majority of the respondents have had less than 6 years old. We have also found that most of the data for the measured variables were distributed normally. The association between variables have been measured using spearman rank-order correlation. All measured variables were associated significantly. We used factor analysis for testing the model of the research. The model test revealed that the SEM model was fit (RMSEA: 0. 055, GFI: 0. 886, PCLOSE: 0. 175). We tested the hypotheses. The hypotheses one, the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior was significant and positive. The relationship between the brand citizenship behavior and both quality of relation, brand image and brand commitment all were positive and significant. We also found significant relationship between all research variables. Conclusion and implications: The data analysis shows that quality of relations has significant effect on the brand citizenship behavior. It means that the agents those have better relations with their business partners have more autonomy to perform. They get more loyal to the franchiser. The agents pass this image of better quality of products and services to the customers. Trust is a key element in establishing good relationship between the franchiser and franchisees. It is concluded that to increase quality relationship in franchise strategic method, the firms should establish trust and become more loyal to the reciprocal relationships.

In spite of similarities between franchise as a contract and agency, there are differences between them which have theoretical and practical aspects. In this paper, we are discussing such similarities and differences from a comparative perspective. In many countries, the commercial agency is regulated while the franchise contract has not this base. Hence, using statutes about agency for resolving or analyzing problems arising from franchise is inevitable. This practice could endanger the rights of the parties of franchise contract. The relationship between the franchisee and the original is not a fiduciary relationship. The franchisee does not act on behalf of the franchisor and has the right to exercise any proprietary possessions. In addition, the subject matter, obligations, degree of independence, and responsibility towards third parties are different in these two contracts. In fact, the franchise contract is not compatible with the commercial agency contract and has its own nature and effects.

Purpose: One of the intangible assets of clubs is the transfer of privileges, including licenses to establish football schools. The researcher aimed to identify and rank the factors affecting the power of the franchise assignment of clubs to develop football schools. Methodology: The research was conducted in a mixed-method in two parts. Including quantitative and qualitative. The research sample consisted of 11 experts aware of football and sports industry issues. The research tools included library studies, interviews, and researcher-made questionnaires with six indicators and 33 sub-criteria provided to the research samples. Data analysis was performed by AHP and ANP tests in Supers Decision software version 3. 2. Findings: The results in AHP analysis showed that human resources, management, legal, software infrastructure, marketing, and economic indicators were the essential factors in enhancing the franchise power of clubs, respectively. Also, in ANP analysis, while determining the weight of sub-criteria and the relationships between the main criteria, the importance of human resources index, managerial expertise, marketing, software, legal and economic infrastructure were the factors influencing the promotion of club franchise power. Thus, human resources are considered the essential internal resource. Originality: Few studies have been done on franchise rights in sports, specifically football clubs. A few studies have been done on how football schools franchising increases clubs' income. And from a micro and macro perspective, it has addressed the issue of managing the transfer of exploitation rights.