HAPTOGLOBIN is a plasma protein with hemoglobin binding capacity. HAPTOGLOBIN has important biological functions such as binding to free hemoglobin and removes it from the circulation, thus preventing iron loss and kidney damage during intravascular hemolysis, superior antioxidant capacity, protection against free radicals. Studies on the distribution of Hp show that the gene frequencies of Hp dependent on geographical and genetic family. In the other, several authors have showed the correlation between HP types and different diseases, such as inflammation, infection, cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors. Smoking, hypertention, diabetes mellitus and serum lipid concentrations are risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases. In addition, Hp polymorphism has been proposed as a risk factor for developing atherosclerotic vasculare disease. In this study, the association between HAPTOGLOBIN genotypic distribution and the incidence of coronary heart disease investigated. 50 Iranian patients with coronary heart disease were randomly selected. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. In PCRs with primers A and B, amplification products of 1757 and 3481 bp were amplified from genomic DNA containing alleles Hp1 and Hp2, respectively. In the population studied, the distribution of HAPTOGLOBIN polymorphism was 36% (n=18) for the Hp1-1 type, 62% (n=31) for the HP1-2 type, and 2% (n=1) for the HP2-2 type. The trend in this study showing a lower frequency of 3-vessel disease and less severe coronary artery stenosis in patients with the HP1-1 phenotype than in patients with the HP1 - 2 phenotypes may be indicative of a protective effect of the HP1-1 phenotype against the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.

Background: HAPTOGLOBIN (Hp) is a plasma a2-sialoglycoprotein that contains alpha and beta chains. It displays in three common phenotypes, Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. Proteins expressed by polymorphic genes have grossly different molecular sizes resulting in different diffusion rates in the brain. HAPTOGLOBIN expressed by the Hp2-2 genotype has lower hemoglobin-binding capacity than Hp1-1 or Hp2-1 and is associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.Methods: To determine polymorphism in HAPTOGLOBIN genes in patients with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 42 men, 42 women, and 50 controls were selected for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and studied by polymerase chain reactions (PCR).Results: The amplified fragments for the Hp1-1 and Hp2-2 genotypes were 1757 and 3481 base pairs (bp) respectively, and the Hp2-1 genotype had both fragments, in addition to a 349-bp fragment. The distribution of the three majorHp phenotypes in epilepsy patients was 28.6 (1-1), 38.1 (2-1), and 33.3% (2-2) in the men, and 31 (1-1), 40.5 (2-1), and 28.6% (2-2) in the women. The distribution of Hp genotypes in controls was 22 (1-1), 40 (2-1), and 38% (2-2).Conclusion:We show that all Hp genotypes participate in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

This study was designed to evaluate serum and milk HAPTOGLOBIN (Hp) as inflammatory indicators for the diagnosis of diseases in cattle in Fars province of Iran. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of 20 clinically healthy cattle and 100 cows with various inflammatory diseases. There were significant differences in serum and milk Hp between clinically healthy cattle and diseased cows (p<0.05). The results of the present study reveal that serum and milk Hp are sensitive factors for diagnosis of inflammatory conditions in cattle.

Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 101 clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep according to their age (<1, 1-3, 3-5 and >5 years) and sex. Serum HAPTOGLOBIN (Hp) was measured based upon the preservation of the peroxidase activity of haemoglobin, which is directly proportional to the amount of Hp. The reference value for serum Hp of apparently healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep was 0.05-0.18 g/l. Age and sex had no significant effect on the serum concentration of Hp in examined animals.

Piroplasmosis is a protozoal disease that can cause acute inflammation in the horse. The disease is transmitted by ticks and spread worldwide. Measurement of acute inflammatory phase proteins is important in the diagnosis of inflammation from the disease. This study was conducted to evaluate serum Amyloid A and HAPTOGLOBIN levels in horses with pyroplasmosis and compare them with healthy horses. 19 horses with piroplasmosis (12 males and 7 females) were identified on horseback riding around Tabriz and Ardebil in the summer. From the livestock, after taking the history, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and the serum was isolated. Also, 18 healthy horses (negative blood samples) were also sampled with the same age and nutritional and management status as the healthy group. In each blood sample prepared after serum separation, the serumicheptoglobin and amyloid A values were measured on the basis of immunoassay and specific kits. The mean serumic amyloid A level in horses with piroplasmosis was higher than healthy horses, non significantly (p = 0. 164). The mean serum HAPTOGLOBIN increased in the patient group, significantly (p = 0. 014). There was no significant difference between sex and age in serumic levels of these two parameters. The final result is that in piroplasmosis disease in the horse, the serumic levels of amyloid A and heptoglobin increase, and its measurement will be useful in the diagnosis and interpretation of the inflammatory process.

This study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 healthy horses (negative culture) in order to investigate the serumic concentration of HAPTOGLOBIN and serum amyloid A in stables of Tabriz area in Iran. Sick horses were detected by clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples were subsequently collected from the jugular vein in all horses and serum was separated. The concentration of acute phase proteins (HAPTOGLOBIN and Serum Amyloid A) were measured in all samples. Mean Serum Amyloid A in affected and healthy horses was 2749.13±569.95 mg/dl and 1602.97±357.76 mg/dl respectively. Mean serumic levels of HAPTOGLOBIN in affected and healthy horses was 1258.20±244.01 mg/dl and 721.97±187.18 mg/dl respectively. Average of both parameters in affected horses was significantly higher than the healthy group (in both p=0.000). There was no significant correlation between the measured parameters in diseased horses (p=0.158 & r=0.269). In conclusion, strangles induces increase in the serumic concentration of acute phase proteins which must be considered in the treatment of affected horses.