Ten female lambs of 7-month-old were divided into two equal groups and raised under a helminth-free condition. Animals in group 1 were immunized two times by whole gut homogenate (WGH) of Haemonchus contortus emulsified in Freund’s adjuvant. In group 2 (control), animals were injected by phosphate buffered saline emulsified in the same adjuvant. Animals were challenged by 10000 third-stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus on day 33 after the first immunization and then humanely killed on day 42. Animals were tested for serum antibody and eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) throughout the study and nematodes in their abomasom were counted after necropsy. The results indicated that animals immunized with WGH showed a higher level of serum antibodies. A significant difference was observed in mean optical density of sera in ELISA between the two groups (P<0.05) and a 77 and 78% reduction in EPG and nematode counts at necropsy, respectively (P<0.05).

Lipids discharged into the yeast homogenate following the cell disruption process have a deleterious impact on the performance of chromatography columns during downstream processing. In this study, the removal of lipids from Pichia pastoris crude extract was investigated using various chemicals at varied concentrations. After treatment of the sample with 0.05 M borax and 1.5% PEI, a lipid reduction of about 52% and 79% was respectively obtained in the flocculated protein. The addition of PEG 6000 to the sample at a final concentration of 20% led to 57% lipid removal. A lipid reduction of 67%–70% was observed when protein precipitation was performed by 20%–40% ammonium sulfate. The efficiency of acetone and diethyl ether for lipid reduction was greater than that of isopropanol, and substantial lipid removal (95%–100%) was demonstrated after feedstock treatment with 0.5%–5% acetone and diethyl ether. After conducting detergent lipid dissolution experiments, it was revealed that non-ionic detergents (Triton X-100 and Tween 20) at a concentration of 0.1% were able to eliminate 100% of lipids in the feedstock. Overall, these findings suggest that such chemical treatment strategies may be considered to be used for pre-treating process streams and facilitating related research and applications in downstream processing.

Background: Surgical skin flaps are frequently used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to repair acquired or congenital defects. Necrosis is a common complication associated with these flaps postoperatively as a result of inadequate blood supply. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane homogenate in healing the dorsal skin of the rat as an ischemic flap model.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 g were used in the study. For all rats 3*10 cm, full-thickness, caudally based pattern dorsal skin flaps were elevated. The rats were randomized into 2 groups: control (I) and experimental (II). Then in 10 point, 0.1 mL amniotic membrane homogenate was injected with with equal interval in experimental group and normal salin administered in control group. Seven days later all skin flaps were examined mechanically (necrosis) and histologically.Results: Tissue flap necrosis showed significantly reduced in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.032), and tissue flap survival showed significantly increased in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.036). There were no significant differences in the histology analysis heling proccess between two groups (p>0.05)Conclusion: It seems that, the administration of amniotic membrane homogenate is an effective and safe method that improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps in a rat model.

Background: Pneumocystis carinii is one of opportunistic organisms especially in immuno-compromised patients. For years, diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has relied on microscopic visualization of organism in specimens obtained from the lung either by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or by induction of sputum, but failed to provide efficient diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare of PCR result and Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) of invasive and noninvasive specimens in infected rat.Methods: Thirteen stimulated rat with methylprednisolone acetate used as test group and 4 non-stimulated rats were used as control group. Oral swabs (OS), BAL and lung homogenate (LH) specimens were collected from weeks 0, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. All samples were tested with (-GMS-) staining method and PCR technique.Results: The results showed the sensitivity of PCR method higher than GMS (69.2% versus 0%) in oral swab samples (P<0.001). The analysis of the results also proved that PCR test using noninvasive oral swab had comparable results with the GMS staining method on invasive lung biopsy specimens (69.2% versus 61% and 84.6 for BAL and Lung Biopsy).Conclusion: Higher sensitivity of PCR using noninvasive sample can made it a useful method in rapid diagnosis of PCP.

Vitellogenic stage carp ovaries were collected aseptically and the cells of ovarian follicles were dispersed by trypsin treatment and cultivated as monolayer. Control cultures were grown in medium M199 alone. Media for experimental cultures were supplemented either with 100 ml ml-1 of CPH and CPS-carp GnRH (cultivated pituitary cell secretion affected by 10-6, 10-8, 10-10 M carp GnRH). The direct effect of these factors on 17-a-Hydroxy progesterone (17a -OHP) and 17b-Estradiol (E2) secretion of isolated follicular cells in cell culture was assayed by appropriate Radioimmunoassay (RIA). According to the results the E2 was a main hormone secreted by cultivated carp granulosa and theca cells. Adding 100 ml ml-1 of 10-6 M CPS-carp GnRH had no significant effect on cultivated granulosa and theca cells endocrine activity (P> 0.05). On the other hand, carp granulosa and theca cells treated with the lower contents of CPS-carp GnRH (10-8, 10-10 M) showed a 4.02 and 3.74-fold increase in E2 concentration and 4.27 and 3.64-fold increase in 17a -OHP level, which was significantly higher than CPH (P< 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase of steroid secretion in group stimulated with 100 ml ml-1 of CPS and CPH, but there were no significant differences between them (P> 0.05).

The story of Mehr & Mah is the story of oriental love of Mehr's for the western Mah and his departure to reach his beloved. The story is an extended pattern of Sonnet(Qazal)that adapts to the narrative structures and episodes of folk tales. It is a frozen discourse that has become a stereotype through repetitive use over time and has found its reconstruction and revival in combination with another form. which can be separately defined despite their entanglements. In other words, the sonnets within the narrative are separated from the story, but the homogenates that have derived meaning from abstract data on the surface of discourse have complicated the relationships between the signs. The narrative plan is based on plan-oriented action, and the sonnet is an emotional flow that pervades the entire discourse. By distinguishing the sonnet, as an emotional flow, and narrative, as a plan-based system, the semiotic analysis examines the function and interaction of both in the whole discourse. How have the metaphors of the sonnet changed the syntactic layer and the base layer by formulating the basic categories of semantics? Has the emotional genre been able to produce new indices by breaking language norms? The use of indices and metaphors of sonnets in the narrative has objectified the discourse of the sonnets, but this sensitization is inconsistent with the poetical and literary criticism of the Timurid and Safavid eras, which claims to be devoid of myth, because the central core of discourse is still based upon mythology.