Salinity stress is one of the most important factors causing yield loss in crop worldwide. Programmed cell death plays an important role in adapting to environmental stress. Understanding the molecular basis of PCD mechanism makes possible genetically manipulation of plants to improve environmental stress tolerance. BAX INHIBITOR 1 is a candidate for this purpose. In this study, the potential role of a gene which encodes BAX INHIBITOR 1-like protein (BI_85) in salt tolerance was evaluated using bioinformatics tools such as promoter and gene regulatory network analysis, as well as relative expression of BI_85 in susceptible (Alamut) and salt resistant (Arg) cultivars and a wild relative Aegilops crassa, by Real-time PCR. According to the regulatory network, this gene may act upstream of the SOS signaling pathway. According to promoter analysis, the presence of stress-responsive regulatory elements such as ABRE (abscisic acid responsive element), LTR (low-temperature responsive element), MBS (MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility), CGTCA-motif (MeJAresponsive element), TGACG-motif (MeJA-responsive element), ERE (ethylene-responsive element), and GT-1 motif (salt responsive element) in the promoter confirms the role of this gene in environmental stresses tolerance including salinity. It was also figured out that the expression patterns of BI_85 was significantly different between susceptible and salt resistant cultivars in response to salt stress. Overall, it can be concluded that BI_85 can contribute to salt tolerance in wheat and can be used for genetic manipulation to improve tolerance to stress.

OBJECTIVES: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSc) are known for a long period of time. These cells are adherent, clonogenic and fibroblastic and can be isolated from bone marrow stroma of postnatal organisms. Under appropriate conditions, these cells can give rise to the broad spectrum of fully differentiated connective tissues including cartilage, bone, adipose tissues and muscle cells. Upon isolating of cells in vitro, these cells tend to differentiate and it is very difficult to direct these cells into self-renewal in order to get more Multipotent MSc for medical purposes. In the previons study, the effect of leukemia INHIBITORy factor (LIF) on MSc was investigated and it was shown that in the presence of LIP, MSc have more proliferation ability and the self renewal ability of cells increases. Also it was shown that these cells tend to differentiate into bones. In this study the effect of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase INHIBITOR (MAPKI) on MSc was investigated. METHODS: Bone marrow stroma cells were extracted from 2-month-old mice. These cells were cultured in a medium containing 25 micro moles MAPKI. After formation of colonies, cells were stained by methylen blue. The activity of alkaline Phosphatase was also investigated. To study the effect of both LIP and MAPKI simultaneously on colony formation ability of MSc, cells were cultured in a culture containing 25 micro moles MAPKI and 500 U/ml LIF. The number and size of colonies was studied. Results: In the presence of MAPKI the number and the size of colonies (CFU-F) formed in the culture was significantly decreased. The number of CFU-ALP+ in the culture containing MAPKI was decreased according to the decrease of CFU-F number. Adding MAPKI to a medium containing LIF neutralized the effect of LIP on MSc. Conclusion: The presence of MAPKI in the culture affects the number of colonies. This factor, despite LIP, does not affect the expression of alkaline phosphatase in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. UF increases the self renewal and proliferative ability of cells. Adding MAPKI factor to a culture containing LIP neutralizes the proliferative effect of LIF.

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy in which implantation of zygote occurs out of the uterine cavity. One of the most important problems is bleeding. On the other hand, Plasminogen Activator INHIBITOR-1 (PAI-1) gene is one of the involved factors in unsuccessful pregnancies, and 4G/5G polymorphism is the most common changes of this gene. So, it is important to study the prevalence of these changes in this gene in women with ectopic pregnancy.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 Iranian women with ectopic pregnancy and 101 Iranian women with the normal pregnancy were selected. After blood sampling, ARMS PCR method has been used for detection 4G/5G polymorphism and data were analyzed by statistical analysis.Results: In this study, 4G allele with 70.79% prevalence and 5G allele with 63.5% prevalence are the most common alleles for the control and case group, respectively.4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes in the control group and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes in the case group are prevalent. An Armitage test found p<0.05 for both alleles, showing 4G allele (p=1.524e-10; OR=0.262) has decreasing effect and 5G allele (p=1.524e-10; OR=3.822) has increasing effect in ectopic pregnancy.Conclusion: According to the findings, 5G allele and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes have increasing effect, 4G allele and 4G/4G genotype have decreasing effect in ectopic pregnancy. So, we could consider 5G allele as a risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in this study.

Schwann cells support neuronal function in the intact nerve by supplying the myelin sheath around axons. Schwann cells are likely to regulate the ionic environment of axons, provide neurotrophic support and regulate the periaxonal space. Schwann cells culture facilitates analysis of both normal schwann cell function and associated diseases, while, it is the primmy effect is on schwann cell function. Dsewes in this category include neurofibromatosis, associated with loss of schwann cell growth control, and so on. In vivo, schwann cells survive in axonal degeneration following a cut or crush injury. Schwann cells can be cultured from any peripheral nerve. Schwann cells were isolated from sciatic nerves of day 14 (E14)chick embryo and postnatal rat (1-2 days after birth) sciatic nerves and donal root ganglia (DRG) of day 8 (E8) chick embryo.This technique differs from otheres who described the use of whole ganglion or sciatic nerve rather than dissociated preparation. The sciatic nerves were chopped into pieces of 3 mm lenghth and transferred into a 35 mm Petri dish immersed in DMEM medium. The cultures were not over grown by fib rob lasts. After 48 hr incubation the primary cultures were transferred into another dish containing fresh medium After further 48 hr incubation the step was repeated again. Sciatic nerves were trans fered in to gel collagen covered plates containing DMEM and 10% FCS. After four to five weeks in cubation greatly enriched schwann cell cultures were achieved.

Background and Objectives Several hereditary and acquired risk factors for thrombosis are known. Among the genetic factors, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism can be noted. This study was done to investigate the association of 4G/5G polymorphism in PAI-1 gene and thrombosis in coronary arteries.Materials and Methods Sixty one patients with the history of thrombosis in coronary arteries and 92 healthy blood donors participated as the control in our study. After DNA extraction from leucocytes based on the selective detergent-mediated DNA precipitation from crude lysate, PCR was performed using ARMS technique. Single and multivariate analyses were applied to adjust for potentially confounding factors using SPSS 19 software. The data were also compared with those of the other similar studies.Results The results showed 61 patients with history of coronary artery thrombosis for PAI-1 with the values of 24.6%, 45.9%, and 29.5% for 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G, respectively; the values for 92 healthy blood donors were evaluated to be 20.7%, 42.2%, and 37% in order. The polymorphism studied was not significantly different between cases and controls. Single and multivariate analyses show a significant difference for the conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease between patients and healthy controls (P value: 0.001).Conclusions We found no association between arterial thrombosis and the 4G/4G genotype for PAI-1 gene in Iranian population of the current study.

This paper discusses the assessment of efficiency and optimum concentration of a scale INHIBITOR on one of the Iranian offshore oil fields. This field has suffered from several problems due to the deposition of mineral scales at formation and surface facilities during recent years. The deposits are usually formed due to a change in pressure, temperature or mixing of incompatible waters. Using the scale INHIBITORs is a common method to prevent scale deposition or delay the process. Before applying the chemical, its performance should be tested in the laboratory and the minimum INHIBITOR concentration (MIC) should be determined at various conditions. Different scale INHIBITOR concentrations were added to a mixture of sea water and produced water. The experimental results at reservoir and ambient conditions show that this scale INHIBITOR has a good efficiency and the optimum INHIBITOR concentration is also proposed to be applied in the field.