Good governance is a newly-introduced concept which has grown as a subject in the field of management and development literature. It has offered precise indices in managerial modification. In this paper, Good governance goes beyond its usual sense which encompasses some characteristics of governments. Here Good governance is considered to derive from mutual relation and interaction between government and non-governmental organizations, private sectors of military organization, influential institutes and groups being linked through media. Therefore, Good governance is a network of INTERACTORS (actors) in civil society which bring about improvement and development to the society.

Purpose: Much progress has been made by directing against the adrogen receptor (AR) pathway in the treatment of prostate cancer in past decades. However, AR-INTERACTORS related metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer eventually developed. Here, we aimed to characterize the aberrations and therapeutic implication in advanced disease. Materials and Methods: STRING database, UALCAN web portal and cBioPortal platform was used to analyze the AR interaction network, gene alterations, as well as the prognostic significance. GO and KEEG analysis was performed to characterize the functional enrichment of the identified AR-INTERACTORS. Results: Ten first shell AR-INTERACTORS were identified, among of which FOXA1 and PELP1 was significantly up-regulated, while CCND1, CTNNB1, NCOA4 and HSP90AA1 exhibited a significantly decreased pattern. The median survival period of altered group (n = 227) was 70 months (95% CI, 60-105M), while that of non-altered group (n = 545) was 141 months (95% CI, 115. 13-NA, P < 0. 001). GO and KEGG enrichment showed that the identified AR-INTERACTORS were particularly enriched in prostate cancer and thyroid hormone signaling pathway, as well as endocrine resistance. Conclusion: The AR-INTERACTORS might be useful markers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and provide a new sight for revealing the molecular mechanism of CRPC progression

Today, pioneering economic factors have caused INTERACTORS to advance their economic and business goals conclude contracts in different ways which are unusual with the known traditional legal rules. By including these ways are the conclusion of multiple or mutually interdependent contracts, whether they have a common purpose or a similar subject, known as the "Contractual Group". This contractual way, because of the many surrounding parties are involved in and required great contracting operations in the local and international deals, and sometimes it is possible lead to conflict of interest, termination, or cancellation between those involved. It requires increasing scrutiny that have given two considerations about: First, contracts affect each other and the cancellation or termination of one affects the validity of other contracts, and second, contracts are independent of each other despite mutual contractual interdependence and have separate effects on contractual relations. The present article attempts to provide a preliminary analysis of this legal phenomenon.

The Tragic story of Siavash is one the significant and remarkable stories in Firdausi’s Shahnameh. In this article, the authors will study this story through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis and based on Van Leeuwen’s network of Social Actors. This is to show how social INTERACTORS have been portrayed and see how the poem has reproduced and represented the discourses by linguistic parameters. To this end, dialogic couplets have been singled out, categorized and analyzed. The findings show that Firdausi has equally used latent and manifest parameters. Therefore, concealment of the narrators is as important as characterization and the development of the setting. Moreover, although the story of Siavash is an ancient narrative, it carries with itself Firdausi’s worldview and his emotional, ideological overtone and thus represents Iranian’s idealism, their zeal for identity and conflict between Good and Evil and the final triumph of the Good. The death of Siavash entails the vengeance of the Iranians, and the birth of his son, Keykhosrow, brings about the victory over Afrasiab.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important industrial crops, and is threated with various fungal pathogens like Cladosporium fulvum. This fungus secretes Avr9 effector into the apolast of tomato plants and is recognized by the tomato receptor-like protein Cf-9. Avr9-enoding gene is highly expressed during colonization of tomato apoplast. Avr9 shares significant structural similarity with carboxypeptidase inhibitors, expecting to target host apoplastic proteases. So far, despite using sophisticated methodologies, no definitive Avr9-interacting proteins have been successfully identified. One hypothesis is that glycosylation of Avr9 might be crucial for interaction with host target(s). In this study, native proteins secreted by C. fulvum expressing Avr9 were isolated. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Avr9 is N-glycosylated when secreted by C. fulvum, containing at least two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and six mannose residues. The necrosis-inducing activity of glycosylated and non-glycosylated Avr9 was determined and it was found that both caused a comparable Cf-9-mediated hypersensitive response. This research represents a crucial advancement in the comprehension of the molecular interactions pertaining to the Avr9 effector. Nevertheless, more thorough examinations are requisite to completely elucidate its functionality and the implications of glycosylation. Refining the experimental parameters and investigating additional potential INTERACTORS would presumably augment the reliability of the results.

Aim: This study aimed to find lncRNAs and mRNAs that were expressed differently by combining microarray datasets from different studies. This was done to find important target genes in gastric cancer for anti-cancer therapy. Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent and second-most deadly malignancy worldwide. Thus, genetic diagnosis and treatment should focus on genetic and epigenetic variables. Based on several studies, disordered expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as lncRNAs, regulate gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Besides, lncRNAs cooperatively regulate gene expression and GC progression. Methods: We obtained differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) from three GC tissue microarray datasets by meta-analysis and screened genes using the "Limma" package. Then, using the RNAInter database, we allocated DEmRNAs to each DElncRNA. ClusterProfiler and GOplot programs were used to analyze function enrichment pathways and gene ontologies for final DEmRNAs. Results: A total of 9 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (5 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated), and 856 DEmRNAs (451 up-regulated and 405 down-regulated) between tumor and adjacent normal samples were found. Finally, 117 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as INTERACTORS of six DElncRNAs (H19, WT1-AS, EMX2OS, HOTAIR, ZEB1-AS1, and LINC00261). Conclusion: In order to promote cancer therapeutics and give knowledge on the process of carcinogenesis, our study projected a network of drug-gene interactions for discovered genes and presented relevant prospective biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with stomach cancer.

Discourse space is a key element in conveying concepts in a play text. This article will look forward to answer this question how metaphors could be used in discourse about social and historical problems and their usage in play texts as a linguistic form. Hence we will use George Lakoff and Zoltan Kovecses views and then we will show how metaphors which are the building blocks of Language and Culture, are used to help form the discourse space. Lakoff and Kovecses look to discourse space, as a result of interaction between mind, body and type of the culture that INTERACTORS live within. Hence in a play text, we will face a complex interaction between writer’ s / audience mind in one hand, and experience and physical and mental abstraction on the other hand. Also the context where the play text is formed in, and the context where it is comprehend, are the key elements. This article will show how by using metaphors and cultural and historical contexts, Akbar Radi has managed to create a complex and deductive discourse space in Ofool text. So at first, we are facing linguistic metaphors which act in text structures (dialogues, atmospheres and characterizations), and in higher level, we are facing conceptual metaphors which act by making connection between play text origination and audience experiences that merge contextual discourse space into audience mind space which will result in a new discourse space.

Transition of plant from the vegetative to the reproductive stage is one of the most important developmental processes whose molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Initiation of flowering in plants is controlled by various factors such as photoperiod, cold, hormones and epigenetic effects. A major pathway in this process is the epigenetic control of FLC gene, whose expression inhibits the flowering initiation. Removing acetyl groups from FLC gene histons, by MSI4 protein represses FLC expression, and thus, flowering is initiated. However, the molecular mechanism of this protein is largely unknown. Therefore, studing any molecular interaction with this protein can be helpful to better understand its mode of action. In this research, we used the Yeast Two Hybrid System (Y2HS) to study protein-protein interactions, to find proteins interacting with MSI4. Therefore, first, we cloned the MSI4 gene in proper Y2HS vector. Then, cDNA bank of Arabidopsis thaliana was screened by MSI4 as bait to prey the INTERACTORS of MSI4. The protein trapped by this method was PKT3 (Peroxisomal 3-Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase 3), which is an acetylcoacyl transferase. The function of this protein is to release acetyl groups and deliver them to other molecules, and therefore, it has significant role in many crucial cell processes. This interaction was confirmed by cloning the complete cDNA of PKT3 as well as its homologue, PKT4. The interaction of MSI4-PKT3 is reported here for the first time and opens new horizons for more studies on MSI4 functional mechanism. This finding can be useful in regulation of flowering time in fruits and crops through genetic engineering of this pathway for example by alteration of PKT4 regulation.

Landscape is a historical approach for experiencing and recognizing the world, and like cultural text and picture, it is capable of conveying the worldview of the people. Rural landscapes are known as both natural and cultural landscapes that represent the socialization of nature through the possession of a cultural and ethnic assembly. The landscape of Kamu village stems from the organization of the environment and natural components based on the shared beliefs, semantics, and values of the inhabitants. In this village, natural elements account for the communication and information tools that, in the form of cultural tenets, conduct concepts and definitions and exhibit the rural landscape as a single and figurative whole being with a transparent mechanism. This paper intends to examine the symbolic role of the environment and natural elements in the formation of the landscape of Kamu village and the ways in which this subject has been affected by the main semantics, dogmas, and definitions of residents, and stirs their’ knowledge of the environment and how to regulate and manage it. The methodology in the present research is qualitative and ethnographic. With the scientific approach and analysis of the semantics of ethnic landscape and landscape understanding, a conceptual model of symbolic landscape perception is expressed, and the role of natural elements in shaping the landscape of Kamu village is illuminated. Data collection at the stage of explaining theoretical grounds is of the library type, and at the stage of the case study, it is of the field type. The representative nature of the rural landscape is seen in the environment to the landscape, the natural components to the cultural figures, and the INTERACTORS to the cultural group developments. Beyond their functional role in a representative way, natural details refer to a blend of values and beliefs that promote the audience’ s comprehension of the rural environment, beyond collecting information from the physical environment, to the symbolic understanding of the landscape in the landscape of Kamu village. This subject is developed in the environment’ s answer to the material and semantic needs of the inhabitants: Satisfying the material needs, such as livelihood and shelter, relying on the narrative role of the landscape, has exhibited the potential of the natural setting. Further, responding to semantic needs, including social and aesthetic needs, relying on the poetic regard of the landscape, conveys the naturalistic beliefs of the residents.

AbstractThe unexpected and rapid changes affected by modernity and globalization caused lots of challenges and contradictions in different areas such as religion and morality, especially in the case of women’s covers and hijab. In connection with that the pre-Islamic revolution’s generation of girls in Iran, are trying to contradict themselves with others by rethinking over the case of the hijab. This research, with the aim of analyzing the attitudinal differences of three decades of girls after the Islamic revolution about the case of hijab, has occurred by systematic analysis method using half-structured interviews with 29 women of Shiraz city. The demographic physiognomy of understudied women indicates that the majority have a university education with an average age of 25, and 13 people were constrained and 17 persons were against the hijab. The founded text of this research is categorized into 8 concepts/variants, political device, affirmation of friends, family’s inner value, self-hijab, social occasion-based hijab, sexual discrimination hijab, and duty hijab. Therefore, what can be argued as the result of this study is that putting on a hijab and cover according to religious values and norms are still counted as a core factor of the Iranian Islamic lifestyle? Even though nowadays women are struggling with a hijab with the challenges of modernity and traditions, in the way that our young girl generation’s clothing style has been reviewed and different styles and clothes are to be seen. The schools of humanism and liberalism and the effect of the globalization phenomenon have changed the view on hijab in the country.Keywords: Thematic Analysis, Hijab, Attitude, Girls. 1. IntroductionThe behaviors of social INTERACTORS and their interpretation of their own social environment and others have a reciprocal effect on the construction of social relations, in such a way that according to the Symbolic interactionism theory, communication particularly symbolic communication is known to be the core and base of all social interactions. (Mahboubi Manesh, 2006, quoted from Mohsenian Rad, 2005: 39). By this means, from a sociological point of view, hijab as a coverage, actually forms in social relations that on the one hand, it might have a diverse form and shape and a unified essence and content (or vice versa), and on the other hand from a communicatory perspective, hijab acts as an identity and communicatory medium which plays a symbolic role in the intrapersonal area. Thus there are cultural, sociological, political, and economic aspects to the hijab issue, and has spiritual-religious, status, personality, and behavioral indicators which can be observed through different angles, paradigms, and aspects.Through the past two centuries, clothing pattern was a sign of social status, but in the current century, what is being worn indicates a body-oriented, identity- gaining and fashion idea through clothing as one of the lifestyles (Salajqa and Musapour, 2010: 159). Because of the religious structure and the devotion of Iranian society to Shiite beliefs, the hijab, and continence are technically known as an apparent symbol of social dedication to Shiite rituals (Alavi, 1396:8). Somehow, the matter of a person’s loyalty and dedication towards hijab and continence is not one dimensional and it’s necessary to study and analyze this matter from different perspectives such as family, social groups, the condition of media’s effectiveness, effectiveness of the government, effectiveness of education and more (Alavi, 2016: 9).With more than four decades passing the Islamic revolution, different mindsets have caused the hijab as a sort of governmental affair to be challenged. In fact, the acts of minor hijab and unveil-ness are in total contrast with Iran’s cultural and social system which causes the duality of voluntary hijab and forced hijab amongst women, thus the necessity to proceed with this issue is inevitable. Therefore, this study is on to answer this basic question what different mindsets were formed about hijab among three different generations of girls after the revolution.According to Goffman’s dramatic theory and Symbolic interactionism, people in society show themselves in terms of others’ expectations. They want to show the part of them which appear acceptable to others. People’s self is shaped by their interactions and executing roles. Since symbolic interactionism is formed based on human relations and because the hijab is a social category and it only appears meaningful through social relations, in conclusion, hijab is a category driven by social relations and the way social relations are also affected by symbolic interactionism.This is a thematic analysis study. Thematic analysis is one of the qualitative analysis methods. The tools used by the means of gathering information is a deep and semi-structured interview. The statistical society is 60’s, 70’s, and ’80s (based on the Persian calendar) women and girls who reside in the city of Shiraz 29 of them were interviewed regarding theoretical saturation. The questions were about girls’ tendency towards unveil-ness and which people or organizations have the most important and effective role in the discussed area. Interviewing with people continued until reaching theoretical saturation. For the means of validating the data, the member validation method was used in such a way that subjects were asked to evaluate the entire founding and comment on the accuracy of the researcher’s interpretations and perceptions and to resolve whether there is an ambiguity or a misinterpretation and by utilizing the audit technique, data reliability was evaluated. What veiled means is a hijab that has all the hair under the scarf? A semi-hijab who partially has her hair out of the scarf. An unveiled is also the one who does not wear a scarf at all. 2. Analytic Results1- Hijab as political party’s device: Politicians employ women’s issues to achieve their highly regarded place. Indeed, hijab as a belief category is downsized to politics. 2- Acceptance of friends: Some also believe that friends and peers have more impact than others. Some girls avoid hijab because they fear being mocked by their friends or not being accepted among their group of friends. This mindset forms mostly through university. 3- The in-Family values: Throughout the girls’ teenage hood, their father’s opinion is especially important to the girls. Therefore, at this age, the father’s role was very important.  In fact, they seek the fathers’ consent. 4- Personal hijab: In this point of view people choose for themselves how far the restriction of hijab should be. They choose hijab based on the latest fashion.  This way, she adapts herself to the parts she desires. 5- Hijab based on social circumstances: Hijab should be reconsidered by the terms of society and get changed along with the changes of society and the scarf they are wearing today should be normalized and not be hashed.6- Gender discrimination in the hijab issue: They believe hair isn’t provoking.  Hijab nor non-hijab, neither differentiate men and women in clothing. Therefore, both men and women should mind the type of clothes they wear; although a situation should be provided to prevent men from harassing women.7- Hijab duty: This perspective belongs to the people who deeply accepted the religious law/ sharia and the related issues and they do not disassociate hijab under any circumstances. They have a religious view on every matter. 8- Hijab as a law: From the follower’s point of view, the type of hijab is determined by national law. Surely, the people who agree with this law obey it; but some, also, believe that governmental pressure cannot be effective. 3. ConclusionConsidering the fact that forced and voluntary hijab was propounded in society, the current research has examined hijab through three decades of girls’ perspectives and their diverse mindsets have been put to study. In Iran, people seek to build new identities because of the transition to modernity. Additionally, cultural, social, political, and religious sources are involved in it. Some girls are not against the hijab and accept it in terms of Iranian culture, but do not stand for domination and command. The hijab-bond girls in all three decades know their friends and peers to be an impactful factor in their tendency towards hijab; this is different than some consider friend’s impact where a family has an inconspicuous role and the person is in the age of forming her characteristic. Friends can change her opinion by either encouraging or mocking her. In their opinion legal force with cultural preferences should exist, or else the person would resist to it.Girls with no bond to hijab also, considered the role of friends to be efficient. Some were pressured by a friend’s ridicule. They all knew the role of the family to be important but the role of friends was more. They considered the role of force to be negative and even cause obstinacy and secrecy. Some of the other reasons are the girls’ willingness to be seen and be attractive. They expressed discomfort with being forced to wear headbands during school.  Even girls at strict schools mentioned that some girls from chador-obligatory schools got out of school to take their chadors off. They know the hijab to be restricting and divesting freedom. The increase in modernity outcomes will update a person’s social identity and types of Hijabs.