In this study, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of InN in three phases of zinc, vortexite, and NaCl have been studied. The calculations have been performed using the pseudopotential method in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) by Quantum espresso package with LDA, GGA, and PBE0 approximations for the exchange and correlation potential terms. The results show that the band gap for InN in the hexagonal phase is a semiconductor with a direct band gap while it is indirect in the NaCl phase. The mostly contributed in the valence band and in the conduction band of the s-orbital nitrogen atom and orbital s and p indium atoms. The result of the compressibility shows that the structural phase of the NaCl is less dense than the two structural phases. Also, the optical properties of the compound including dielectric function, refractive index, electron energy loss Spectroscopy, and the results are consistent with other available data.

One of the prominent monument in the Bistoon monuments collection is a building called the Ilkhanid InN, built on the walls of a semi-complete Sassanid palace. During the Ilkhanid era, it was converted in to InN and after a short time, was once demolished and abandoned, one of the most Controversial issues in its historical life. During the last periods of the Islamic era, especially During the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, construction on the ruins InN was carried out, which caused considerable damage to its main foundation and made it different to identify the demolition factors. In such as approach it is necessary to study the factors and causes of the demolition of this monument. therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to analyze how the building was demolished. This research attempts to used historical analytical method based on evidence and historical texts through historian’ s descriptions of historical earthquakes while carefully studying the architectural stricture of the Bistoon Ilkhanid monument which after several chapters of German and Iranian archaeological excavations, done to discuss its historical life. Now the question is raised: what was the reason for the destruction and abandonment of the Bistoon Ilkhanid InN? According to archaeological evidence of type of roof fall and bodies buried beneath the debris, it is assumed that the archaeological InN was destroyed and abandoned by the earthquake. This hypothesis can be substantiated by the placement of the Bistoon in the vicinity of the Central Zagros High-Risk Fault complex and the large seismicity of it, which has historically damaged many buildings. Some historical texts also point this. This result of research indicates that due to numerous earthquakes, various era as of Kermanshah and various buildings such as the Anahi Temple at Kangavar and the Bistoon Ilkhanid InN have been demolished and their architectural patterns deformed, so that even sometimes its population has fluctuated.

Beta carotene is one of the carotenoeids which can be found in plants as a photosynthesis pigments. It also acts as a powerful antioxidant and affects cell growth by inhibiting the cell cycle at the transition from G 1 to S phase. The effects of three doses of beta carotene (5,10 and 15 mg%) were studied on the germination, growth and development of Adianthum capillus - veneris spores and prothalli. In all doses germination of spores were delayed and the growth of protonematas and prothalli ill comparing with controls were slowed down.The groups which were treated with 5 and 10 mg% of beta carotene showed an increase in their vacuoles system and a decrease in their number of chloroplast and amount of chlorophyll. 5 mg% of beta carotene shows a little effect on vacuoles system, number of chloroplast and amount of chlorophyll, but he prothalli which are treated are very small and have numerous shallow sexual notch which make the prothalli look multi lobed.

The electronic and structural properties of both zinc-blende and wurtzite phases of InN were investigated by using full potential linearized augmented plane wave method within density functional theory. For the exchange correlation potential, generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) and an alternative form of GGA proposed by Engel and Vosko (EV-GGA) have been used. Results obtained for band structure of these compounds have been compared with experimental results as well as other first principle computations. Our results show a significant improvement over other theoretical work and are closer to experimental data. The lattice constants, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are calculated for both phases. We have also investigated the structural transitions of InN and have calculated the transition pressure between zinc-blende and rocksalt phases.

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Aims: The tourism industry is one of the world’ s top three industries with an annual growth of 4%. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the environmental health indicators of hotels and lodging houses in the city of Kashan in the winter of 2015 and the spring of 2016. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive study carried out on all hotels and guesthouses in Kashan city. The information was collected through direct referral and health visit with the environmental health expert of the health centers of Kashan. Information was gathered by in the form of completion of Article 13 of the Code of Conduct and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Having a medical examination card by all the staff, improvement the walls of the building at 14. 3%, and improvement the ceiling in 28. 6% of the hotels, the use of a depreciated bed in a hotel and a guesthouse, the lack of an appropriate ventilation in 50% of the guesthouses, the lack of attention to the provision of health cards by drivers of food‑ carrying vehicles was observed in more than 50% of the places. Conclusion: The health status of the hotels and InNs (lodging house) of the city of Kashan is in a relatively favorable situation. Considering the many tourism attractions in Kashan and the presence of tourists, it is important to pay attention to the safety and improvement of buildings of residential centers to maintain the health and comfort of tourists and also to prevent earthquake hazards.

In this work, using plane wave method in the framework of density-functional theory, we calculated clamped-ion and relaxed-ion elasticity, stress and strain piezoelectric independent coefficients for seven stable combinations of honeycomb monolayers XY (X: B, Al, Ga, In; Y: N, P, As, Sb). The coefficients calculations by two methods of density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) and finite difference (FD) have been done with very good agreement. The results showed that seven combined BN, BP, BAs, BSb, AlN, GaN and InN have honeycomb structure and polarized, and because of the 3m point-group symmetry in this class of 2D materials only exhibit two independent elasticity coefficients and one independent stress or strain piezoelectric coefficient. Among the seven combinations, the highest relaxed-ion piezoelectric coefficients calculated for AlN(d11=3. 05 pm/V) and InN (d11=7. 01 pm/V). The group of 2D polarized materials that exhibit simultaneously piezoelectric and semiconducting properties are good candidates for use in the new branch of nanotechnology called nanopiezotronics.

Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a Lie algebra crossed module and $\Act_{pi}(\mathcal{L})$ be a point wise InNer Actor of $\mathcal{L}$. In this paper, we introduce lower and upper central series of $\mathcal{L}$ and show that if $\Act_{pi}(\frac{\mathcal{L}}{Z_j(\mathcal{L})}) / \InN\Act(\frac{\mathcal{L}}{Z_j(\mathcal{L})}) $ is the nilpotent of class $k$, then $\Act_{pi}(\mathcal{L}) / \InN\Act(\mathcal{L}) $ is the nilpotent of the maximum class $ j+k $. Moreover, if $ \dim(\mathcal{L}^i / (\mathcal{L}^i\cap Z_j(\mathcal{L})))\leqslant 1 $, then $ \Act_{pi}(\mathcal{L}) / \InN\Act(\mathcal{L})$ is the nilpotent of the maximum class $ i+j-1$.