This article's purpose is study of Intergeneration value gap between families in Tehran. Theoretical framework is a mixture of sociological and psychological theories. For testing the hypothesis, 336 fathers and their children (girl and boy) in Tehran are surveyed by multistage cluster sampling method. The results show a value gap between generations. Value redundancy of fathers (0.37) and conflict of norms between generations (0.36) have direct impact on dependent variable.

In urban literature and restoration, a variety of interventions such as renovation, rehabilitation, revitalization, and re-generation are used to address the issue of dysfunctional tissues. The type of intervention is affected by the temporal and spatial features of the context. Apart from that, various constituent layers of the context determine social, economic, and physical characteristics.  Regardless of the nature and complexity of these concepts, two fundamental issues need to be taken into consideration: 1) to be theory-based and 2) to be context-oriented. Many concerned people acknowledge that one of the reasons for the failure of urban development plans and programs is the lack of a written theory. A  theory primarily serves as a structured framework to shed light on phenomena by describing the relationship between its various constituent elements and provides a foundation for critical thought. Also, the grounded theory serves as a foundation for practical approaches and prepares a better understanding of the problem with regard to the context in the first stage and offers a solution in the next steps. With such a background and focusing on the concept of urban regeneration as a more recent and all-inclusive approach, we can expect a clearer and more tangible practical result. To do so, we need to adapt the approach to its biological equivalent based on "transformation-permanence" and use it as a theory. In Intergenerational biological reproduction, the focus is on how the traits of a living organism are transformed through heredity or genetics, and in other words, what changes and what remains the same. In such a view, offspring, as the product of a process, inherit traits in the form of genetic characteristics from their environment and parents. Such characteristics can manifest in physiological and behavioral aspects. As comparing the city and the living creature can be sometimes misleading, it is necessary to take into account the essential differences between the two. We can expect that such a differentiation will be applied in urban regeneration as well. Among other things, this inheritance is not only limited to the form but will be affected by the geographical, social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Understanding the similarities and discrepancies between generations has encountered limits and gaps, but it is always possible to confirm the hereditary relationship definitively through scientific means. So far, such hereditary characteristics have been transferred in the form of traits through genes from the early generations to the next generations and evolved under the influence of the environment. These features can be obvious and impressive in some aspects and internal and invisible in some aspects. The important point highlighted by this theory is that after the intervention and regeneration, the new context cannot completely disassociate from the previous generation(s) and its geographical, cultural, and social background.

The aim of this study is to compare the Intergenerational preferences in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces of Iran. First, preferences into social, political, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions totally among generations are compared. Second, the system of preferences is compared in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces. The method of the research is survey and its technique of data gathering is secondary analysis from 5th Wave data of World Values Survey (2005-2008). The findings show that the most gap among generations is seen in social preferences and the fewest gap among generations is seen in preferences environmental. The most gaps among generations is always seen into social, economic and cultural dimensions in developed provinces. In environmental preferences the fewest gap is seen among generations in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces of Iran.

Mass media are a powerful tool for sending pattern to the society. Occurring big changes in levels of national and international has been changed sources of socialization and inter-generation interactions. For dual role of Television as reflecting mirror (behaviors, patterns and values of society) and an effective factor (on society that in long time will change the values of society) it is basic and important the evaluating and Measurement of the messages that has been sent by Television to Iranian home. To this reason, one of the ways of knowing the kinds of relations between the generations, in view of power and according to gender is investigating the patterns that will be sent for members of society by mass media. Present study, tries to investigate the relations between the generations that has been shown on TV serials. We study it according to power and gender. We studied four Iranian serials that they have been portrayed on one and three networks in 1385. Research method was content analysis. Findings show that, totally, on the TV serials the dominance relation has been showed more than Obedience relation. According to date, Inter-generation Obedience of young people is the less. Trying the female middle ages for to have Obedience relations of Inter-generation is more than young people. Male middle ages have the most Obedience relations of Inter-generation so that more than one out of three their relations have been the obedience relations.

Background: Anxiety is one of the comorbid disorders of opioid addiction, which leads to opioid abuse or persuades people to engage in opioid abuse. Evidence revealed that morphine exposure before conception changes the offspring’s phenotype. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine dependence and abstinence on anxiety-like behavior in morphineexposed and drug-naïve offspring. Methods: Adult male and female rats were treated with morphine or vehicle for 21 days. Then, all rats were left without drug treatment for 10 days. A morphine-exposed female rat was mated with either a vehicle-exposed or morphine-abstinent male. According to parental morphine exposure, the offspring were categorized into four distinct groups: (1) control (both drug-naïve parents), (2) paternal morphine-exposed, (3) maternal morphine-exposed, and (4) biparental morphine-exposed. The anxiety-like behavior was measured in adult male offspring using open field and elevated plus-maze tests before morphine exposure (naïve), 21 days after morphine exposure (dependence), and ten days after the last morphine exposure (abstinence). Findings: The results indicated that anxiety-like behavior increased before morphine exposure in maternal and biparental morphineexposed offspring (P<0. 05). However, after morphine exposure, the anxiety level did not change among the groups. Ten days after the last morphine exposure, anxiety-like behavior increased only in biparental morphine-exposed offspring (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The offspring of morphine-abstinent parents exhibited an anxious phenotype. Disruption of the HPA axis was seen in the progeny of maternal and biparental morphine-exposed rats. Indeed, morphine exposure for 21 days did not change anxiety-like behavior in these offspring which might be correlated to disruption of HPA axis in them.

In this research the Intergenerational and inner generational social mobility among men and women according to various agents is compared in Tehran metropolis. In terms of Bruce Coen the movement of people during their carrier life in social ladder, usually called as inner generation and from the other side what can be measure out the number of children that continue their father or grandfathers job which is called in term Intergeneration. In this research the various types of power (Social, Political, Cultural, Economical, and Symbolic) is considered as a most crucial social factor which is related to social mobility and compared with both men and women groups. The method of this research is gauging the data collection tool is questionnaire that is performed in 1395 SH by cluster sampling method with 1054 people sample size. The face validity of questionnaire is approved by experts and the validity of a part of questionnaire is approved by Cronbach’ s alpha. To measuring differences the T test is utilized for both two independent groups. The consequences has revealed that the measure of Intergenerational and inner generational mobility has high ascending trend among Tehran metropolis citizens. The inner generational mobility is observed fewer than men thus the Intergenerational mobility has no difference between men and women in Tehran. In this research the economic, symbolic, social and cultural power between men and women has no significant difference except in political power point of view men have possessed more than women.

prediction of increase in the number of elders (60 years old and over) and their share in the population in future years justify the necessity of futuristic planning to monitor the problems of this group, which includes their medical needs, care for and attention to them.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between mothers’ and their daughters’ perfectionism. A sample of 202 students from Tehran schools were selected through cluster sampling and they completed Frost multi perfectionism scale (FMPS) along with their mothers.Adding up different subscales of FMPS makes it possible to examine positive and negative perfectionism.Data were analyzed through correlation and regression analysis.Results showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between mothers perfectionism, dimensions of perfectionism (positive and negative), and subscales of perfectionism, except for organization with their daughters. Results also showed that perfectionism, its dimensions, and its subscales, except for organization, can predict similar issues in daughters significantly (p<0.01).According to the results of this research, perfectionist characteristics of mothers are reflected in their daughters.

The present research aims to examine the social factors influencing Intergeneration social mobility in the city of Kermanshah. By mobility, we mean Intergeneration mobility data about which was obtained through survey method. The research sample consisted of 300 subjects selected through stratified sampling method and via questionnaire and interview. The mobility index refers to the difference between a child’s occupational status compared to his father. Based on this index, 18.7% of the respondents had demonstrated ascending mobility, 25.7% had demonstrated horizontal mobility, and 29.7% had demonstrated descending mobility, with the remaining 26% demonstrating no mobility at all. Overall, the results showed a positive correlation between the cultural capital variable and the dependent variable, thus contributing to social mobility. However, the fatalism variable showed a negative correlation with the dependent variable, reducing the impact on Intergenerational social mobility. Furthermore, according to the results obtained from the multivariate regression test, about 14% of changes in the dependent variable could be explained by the independent and background variables.

Nowadays, non-governmental organizations, such as charities and citizen-based organizations, are operating in all countries with different purposes and forms, and a large portion of their employee workforce consists of volunteers. Therefore, human resource management and concerns about the retention of human resources in these organizations are different from other organizations, such as government agencies. The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify the effective factors in the retention of Intergenerational volunteers in charity organizations in Shiraz. After interviewing 10 young and 10 middleaged volunteers of 9 charity organizations in Shiraz, selected by the judgmental sampling method, theoretical saturation in terms of sample size was obtained. In this study, the semistructured interview was used as a data collection tool, and data analysis was done by utilizing the theme analysis method. After reviewing and organizing interview transcriptions, the researcher identified the basic codes or concepts, and then similar codes were placed in special categories with a representing title. The identified data were classified and combined based on the degree of conceptual similarity, resulting in the extraction of 24 sub-themes and 5 main themes. The findings indicate that the main themes of motivation, human resource management, management and leadership, culture creation, and communication are effective factors in the retention of volunteers in both young and middle-aged generations, and the difference among these factors in the two generations was the amount of the importance of each of the main and sub-themes.