Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions Inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions Inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions Inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions Inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this Inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university students in Tehran (210 girls and 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed BFI and NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors and were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor and the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent and divergent validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties and whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Background and Objective: Tinnitus is defined as the perception of sound in the absence of any appropriate external stimulation. About 1-2% of the population is severely disturbed by tinnitus and it may disrupt daily activities and sleep. Several treatments are applied for this disorder and one of these treatments is acupuncture. The aim of this study was to finding scientific evidence for efficacy of acupuncture on this disorder that is resistance to conventional treatment modalities.Subjects and Method: This study is a clinical trial. In this study, 50 patients with resistance tinnitus to conventional treatment who referred to ENT ward of Emam Khomeini university hospital, Ahvaz, were chosen and divided to two groups (each 25 cases). The first group was used as treatment group (with acupuncture) and the other control group. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory questioners were completed for both groups before and after the allocated treatment period. All of the 25 treatment group cases underwent daily treatment for 15 secessions of 30 minutes each. The results analysis with SPSS software.Results: In case and control groups, the males were 56%, 52% and the females were 44%, 48%. The mean period of disorder in case and control groups was 5.8 and 5.6 years respectively. The results of THI were according to assessment quantity and quality. In case group, there had significant difference before and after treatment (P=0.03). Also, the case group after treatment and group control had significant difference (P=0.02).Conclusion: According to this finding, it is thought, the acupuncture is useful for treatment of tinnitus, especially in this condition that there is no proven treatment for it.  More studies are necessary to find the better management methods.

In recent researches, vendor managed Inventory (VMI) policy is rarely considered in the case ofdeteriorating items. This study considers the supply chain partner’s collaboration via a VMI system and provides an EOQ model for a two-level supply chain (single supplier-single retailer) with stockdependent demand and constant deterioration and backlogging rates, to examine the Inventory management proceedings for VMI and non-VMI supply chains. The equations are simplified using a new approach in modeling. A comparison between the costs of two mentioned cases is done. The results of analytical examination of Inventory costs with and without VMI show that VMI system in our proposed model always has the ability to reduce total costs of the supply chain and is always better than the traditional one. Some numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are also given to illustrate the application of the proposed model.

Background and Objectives: The validity of an educational system is dependent on students' learning. Learning is a complex variable which is affected by multiple factors. One of the most important factors is learning styles. Knowledge of learning styles of students to educational programs is very important. Therefore, this study aimed to determine students' learning styles among students of Para medicine and Health faculties in Golestan University of medical sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 401 students of the faculty of Para medicine and Health in Golestan University of Medical Sciences since 1391 till 1392 were selected and filled out the Standard Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) which was previously tested for reliability (8.0). Data was analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.Results: The mean age of students was 20.57 and 71.8 percent of them were female students. Learning styles of students included a convergent (63.4 %), absorber (25.4 %), accommodating (7.5%) and divergent (3.7 %). Learning style of study had no statistically significant difference in comparison to sex, school, age, GPA, credits, semester and education levels (P>0.05).Conclusion: Converging and absorbing learning styles were more dominant among students. Therefore, it is recommended to use training methods which fit this style such as showing hand-writings and presentations with self-study materials, simulations, laboratory assignments and problem-based learning.

Background and objectives: A cancer diagnosis is a highly undesirable event for anyone. Fatigue experience is a psychological experience; therefore, the relevant caregivers’ acquaintance with this issue is the most important step in offering optimal care for the patients. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine Cancer-related Fatigue and its Relationship with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Cancer Patients.Methods: In this analytical study, 150 cancer patients visiting the oncology unit, the Shafa Radiotherapy Center, and Gorgan’s 5th Azar Teaching Hospital in 2012, who were selected with a purposive sampling method, participated in the study for 4 months. The required information was collected using a demographic and clinical characteristics form and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. The data were analyzed with the SPSS-18 software and t-test and ANOVA and tukey post hoc test were used.Results: The patients’ mean age was 48.39±1.5 Of the patients, 55.3% had undergone less than 12 months of treatment, 51.3% used chemotherapy-surgery-radiotherapy regimen, 24.7% surgery-chemotherapy regimen, 14% used chemotherapy, 7.3% used radiotherapy, and 2.7% used surgery. The overall mean score of fatigue was 54.65±8.78 from 100. The variables of residence (P=0.018), the duration of marriage (P=0.018), the treatment regimen type (P<0.001), and the family’s economic status (P<0.000) were found to have a significant relationship with fatigue.Conclusion: Psychological interventions, besides physical caring and nursing interventions play a significant role in the all-inclusive management of cancer patients’ problems, in particular, their fatigue.

In this study, a two-echelon single-vendor supply chain is selected to do a costbased comparison between short-term performances of a Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and a Retailer Managed Inventory (RMI). While the Inventory costs include ordering and storing expenses, the rate of consumption and the price of goods are constant, the rate of production and pace of transportation are in nite and shortage is not allowed. This paper, after a comprehensive literature review, is followed by three cases of single retailer, n-retailer and two-retailer chains. Unlike the second case, in the rst case, VMI shows an absolute superiority to RMI, and this is the reason for devising the third case in which a deeper analysis, including a typical performance assessment system for two-retailer chains is undertaken. The third case reveals that, although VMI is not always the better choice, under most conditions, it can be chosen as the better approach.