To assesse the iron and silicon effects on the yield and physiological characteristics of green pea, Wando cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 gr per l-1) and silicon (0, 14 and 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh and dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Si in leaf and grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe and Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh and dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf and grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf and grain Zn and leaf Si and the application of Fe and Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf and grain Cu, Mn and Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe and Si significantly increased fresh and dry grain weight and Si laef concetration and decreased the concentratin of leaf and grain Fe and Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe and Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu and zinc leaf and grains, but the Si concentration of leaf and grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were decreased in leaf and grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity and the application of 0.1 g/l and 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Background: The most important genes that exacerbate urinary tract infection are the siderophore genes, iroN and irp2. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of siderophore genes irp2 and iroN in order to provide a suitable solution for the management of the bacteria carrying the mentioned gene as well as the preparation of a vaccine. Methods: This experimental study was done in Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. 100 samples were obtained from clinical laboratories in Boroujerd City. After identification of DNA extraction by boiling method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers. Findings: Frequency of siderophore genes in the studied samples showed that 58 (58%) had irp2 gene, 28 (28%) had iroN gene, 4 (4%) had two genes, and 10 (10%) of both genes were negative. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the prevalence of both siderophores irp2 and iroN genes was high in the cultured samples, but siderophores irp2 had higher prevalence. Moreover, given the high prevalence of these genes in women on the one hand, and the high prevalence of broad-spectrum antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the other hand, it is likely that this and other similar studies could be a prelude to vaccine preparation for bacterial surface antigens of Escherichia coli.

Background and aims: Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human body, but over exposure to Mn can cause adverse effects especially neurotoxicity. Biological monitoring plays an important role in occupational exposure assessment. The aim of present study was to assess Manganese-Iron Ratio (MIR) as a potential biomarker for manganese. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an automotive parts manufacturing industry in Tehran, Iran. 31 ferroalloy smelters as exposed group (cases) and 30 office workers as unexposed control group were involved in the study. Occupational exposure to manganese was determined based on NIOSH analytical method 7300. Air and blood samples were analyzed using furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). Serum Iron was measured according to Iron-Ferrozine LS. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The mean concentration of air Mn for smelter group was 0. 008± 0. 005 mg/m3. The mean manganese concentration in blood samples of smelter group (17. 33 ± 8. 66μ g/L) was significantly higher than in the control group (9. 37 ± 8. 70μ g/L), (p< 0. 05). Also, the mean value of MIR in the smelter group was significantly higher than in the control group (p< 0. 05). Correlation test showed significant relationship between air manganese and MIR (p< 0. 05, r=0. 426). Conclusion: Manganese-Iron Ratio can be used as a biomarker to distinguish manganese exposed workers from the unexposed population.

Aim and Background: One of the most genes in exacerbation UTI is iroN gene. The purpose was determination of iroN gene prevalence in E. coli strains. To accomplish this goal can a reasonable mechanism to manage the inhibition of bacteria carrying the gene and preparation of vaccine offered.Materials & Methods: A total of 80 samples from patients with UTI symptoms collected and Fifty E. coli isolates, identified. E. coli presence has been confirmed by biochemical and microbial tests. PCR was done by specific primers. The apmplicon size was 668 bp.Results: Among the 50 isolated bacteria from UTIs, 9 isolates carried out iroN gene. This was equivalent 18% of total isolates. Gene prevalence in women was twice the prevalence in men. One and two urban areas had the highest prevalence of the gene.Conclusions: The prevalence of iroN gene was relatively high. There are numerous reports of the presence of antibodies aginst iroN protein in patient’s serum which is emphasis on the presence of antigenic determinant. It can be used in the preparation of a vaccine against UTI bacterial infections Produced by E. coli. Our results can also be used by epidemiologists and health care providers.

The Qaleh-Zari specularite- rich Cu-Au-Ag deposit is located 180 Km south of Birjand. Host rocks are mainly Tertiary andesites and andesitic basalts and some Jurassic shales and sandstones. Andesitic rocks from the western region of Qaleh-Zari were dated to 40.5±2 Ma. Four trends of faults and joints are identified in the mine area.  The oldest is mineralized. Three major sub-parallel quartz veins are present. No. 2 vein is the main vein and can be traced for more than 3.5 km along strike (N40°W) and more than 350 m down dip. Paragenesis: Stage I: specularite, quartz, Fe-chlorite, chalcopyrite and sulfosalts. Specularite deposited first and forms 10 to 25 percent of the vein. Ore grade is 2 to 9% Cu, Ag 100 to 650 ppm, and Au 0.5 to 35 ppm. Propylitic alteration is dominant and epidote is very abundant. Argillic alteration is locally present. Silicification is mainly found within the vein zone. Temperature of homogenization of primary fluid inclusions in quartz associated with specularite and Cu, Ag, and Au mineralization was between 240°C and 360°C. The salinity of ore fluid was between 1.0 and 6.0 wt% equiv. NaCl and the CO2 was < 0.1 mole%. Based on the presence of hematite, chalcopyrite, Fe-rich chlorite, and, locally pyrite, and on the absence of magnetite and pyrrhotite, the ore fluid was very oxidizing. Some important differences between Qaleh-Zari and other iron-Oxides Cu-Au deposits are: (1) The salinity is very low (< 6 wt% NaCl equiv.), (2) absence of magnetite and apatite, (3) low REE and P., and 4) high grade Cu, Ag, and Au. Differences in the amount of Cu, Au, REE, P, U, F and some other elementals in iron-oxides Cu-Au deposits are related to: Tectonic setting, depth of magmatism, source of magma, degree of partial melting, physicochemical condition of melting, rate of ascending, crystal assimilation, degree of fractionation, and depth of emplacement.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in chicken industry, thus identification of virulence genes and their prevalence can be helpful to preventative methods such as productions of vaccine. The pathogenicity of APEC strains is due to a variety of several virulence factors that expressed by several genes. In this study, 60 E.coli strains were selected from cases of avian colibacillosis in commercial broilers from Golestan province. DNA was extracted by boiling method and three important virulence genes, iss, ompT and iroN, were detected by multiplex PCR. iss is one of the important gene in increased serum survival. iroN involves in iron acquisition mechanism and ompT encodes protease, which has been shown to cleave colicins. Prevalence of iss, ompT and iroN genes were detected in 38.3%, 43.3% and 40% of isolates respectively and 35% of isolates were positive for the presence of three genes altogether. With regard to final results and the existence of varieties in frequency of these genes in different parts of the world it concluded that virulence factors were different in different parts of the world because virulence factors are multifactorial phenomenon. It seems that these isolates are opportunistic E.coli and because of existence of predisposing factors they could cause disease in poultry.